In Silico Characterization and Analysis of RTBP1 and NgTRF1 Protein Through MD Simulation and Molecular Docking: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286
Author(s):  
Koel Mukherjee ◽  
Dev Mani Pandey ◽  
Ambarish Saran Vidyarthi
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Qazi ◽  
Mustafa Alhaji Isa ◽  
Adam Mustapha ◽  
Khalid Raza ◽  
Ibrahim Alkali Allamin ◽  
...  

<p>The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious virus that causes mild to severe life-threatening upper respiratory tract infection. The virus emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and later spread across the globe. Its genome has been completely sequenced and based on the genomic information, the virus possessed 3C-Like Main Protease (3CLpro), an essential multifunctional enzyme that plays a vital role in the replication and transcription of the virus by cleaving polyprotein at eleven various sites to produce different non-structural proteins. This makes the protein an important target for drug design and discovery. Herein, we analyzed the interaction between the 3CLpro and potential inhibitory compounds identified from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> using in silico docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with 02J (5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid) and PEJ (composite ligand) (PDB Code: 6LU7,2.16Å) retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and subject to structure optimization and energy minimization. A total of twenty-nine compounds were obtained from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale </i>and the leaves of <i>Anacardium occidentale. </i>These compounds were screened for physicochemical (Lipinski rule of five, Veber rule, and Egan filter), <i>Pan</i>-Assay Interference Structure (PAINS), and pharmacokinetic properties to determine the Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients (PAIs). Of the 29 compounds, only nineteen (19) possessed drug-likeness properties with efficient oral bioavailability and less toxicity. These compounds subjected to molecular docking analysis to determine their binding energies with the 3CLpro. The result of the analysis indicated that the free binding energies of the compounds ranged between ˗5.08 and -10.24kcal/mol, better than the binding energies of 02j (-4.10kcal/mol) and PJE (-5.07kcal.mol). Six compounds (CID_99615 = -10.24kcal/mol, CID_3981360 = 9.75kcal/mol, CID_9910474 = -9.14kcal/mol, CID_11697907 = -9.10kcal/mol, CID_10503282 = -9.09kcal/mol and CID_620012 = -8.53kcal/mol) with good binding energies further selected and subjected to MD Simulation to determine the stability of the protein-ligand complex. The results of the analysis indicated that all the ligands form stable complexes with the protein, although, CID_9910474 and CID_10503282 had a better stability when compared to other selected phytochemicals (CID_99615, CID_3981360, CID_620012, and CID_11697907). </p>


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Qazi ◽  
Mustafa Alhaji Isa ◽  
Adam Mustapha ◽  
Khalid Raza ◽  
Ibrahim Alkali Allamin ◽  
...  

<p>The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious virus that causes mild to severe life-threatening upper respiratory tract infection. The virus emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and later spread across the globe. Its genome has been completely sequenced and based on the genomic information, the virus possessed 3C-Like Main Protease (3CLpro), an essential multifunctional enzyme that plays a vital role in the replication and transcription of the virus by cleaving polyprotein at eleven various sites to produce different non-structural proteins. This makes the protein an important target for drug design and discovery. Herein, we analyzed the interaction between the 3CLpro and potential inhibitory compounds identified from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> using in silico docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with 02J (5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid) and PEJ (composite ligand) (PDB Code: 6LU7,2.16Å) retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and subject to structure optimization and energy minimization. A total of twenty-nine compounds were obtained from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale </i>and the leaves of <i>Anacardium occidentale. </i>These compounds were screened for physicochemical (Lipinski rule of five, Veber rule, and Egan filter), <i>Pan</i>-Assay Interference Structure (PAINS), and pharmacokinetic properties to determine the Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients (PAIs). Of the 29 compounds, only nineteen (19) possessed drug-likeness properties with efficient oral bioavailability and less toxicity. These compounds subjected to molecular docking analysis to determine their binding energies with the 3CLpro. The result of the analysis indicated that the free binding energies of the compounds ranged between ˗5.08 and -10.24kcal/mol, better than the binding energies of 02j (-4.10kcal/mol) and PJE (-5.07kcal.mol). Six compounds (CID_99615 = -10.24kcal/mol, CID_3981360 = 9.75kcal/mol, CID_9910474 = -9.14kcal/mol, CID_11697907 = -9.10kcal/mol, CID_10503282 = -9.09kcal/mol and CID_620012 = -8.53kcal/mol) with good binding energies further selected and subjected to MD Simulation to determine the stability of the protein-ligand complex. The results of the analysis indicated that all the ligands form stable complexes with the protein, although, CID_9910474 and CID_10503282 had a better stability when compared to other selected phytochemicals (CID_99615, CID_3981360, CID_620012, and CID_11697907). </p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Ž. Karadžić ◽  
Lidija R. Jevrić ◽  
Anamarija I. Mandić ◽  
Siniša L. Markov ◽  
Sanja O. Podunavac-Kuzmanović ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Srivastav ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Gupta ◽  
Umesh Kumar

In the present study, we have performed the in-silico study of SARS-CoV-2 structure with different herbal compounds of medicinal importance. We selected four <a>viral key proteins of SARS-CoV-2 </a>structure i.e ACE-2 Receptor, Main Protease (Mpro), APO Form, Cryo- electron microscopy structure for the Molecular docking followed by the molecular dynamic simulation. Using this simple in silico approach based on the molecular docking and <a>MD simulation </a>of protein and phytochemicals, we have identified potential lead candidates for the development of low cost nutraceuticals, which can be used against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our analysis suggested that phytochemicals obtained from <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> and <i>Azadirachta indica</i> have the highest potential to bind with ACE2 receptor or main protease of SARS-CoV-2, inhibiting the protease enzymatic activity. The lead compounds of herbal origin were docked and simulated on viral key proteins of SARS-CoV-2 structure to evaluate the binding affinity of these phytochemicals along with the type of interaction and its stability in terms of <a>RMSD</a> and <a>Ramachandran plot</a>. Further, these results were also verified by drug likeness properties by using SwissADME software. Overall, our results suggest that out of 14 herbal compounds, Nimbolide and Withaferin-A has great potential to be developed as low-cost nutraceuticals against SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is the need of hour.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Srivastav ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Gupta ◽  
Umesh Kumar

In the present study, we have performed the in-silico study of SARS-CoV-2 structure with different herbal compounds of medicinal importance. We selected four <a>viral key proteins of SARS-CoV-2 </a>structure i.e ACE-2 Receptor, Main Protease (Mpro), APO Form, Cryo- electron microscopy structure for the Molecular docking followed by the molecular dynamic simulation. Using this simple in silico approach based on the molecular docking and <a>MD simulation </a>of protein and phytochemicals, we have identified potential lead candidates for the development of low cost nutraceuticals, which can be used against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our analysis suggested that phytochemicals obtained from <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> and <i>Azadirachta indica</i> have the highest potential to bind with ACE2 receptor or main protease of SARS-CoV-2, inhibiting the protease enzymatic activity. The lead compounds of herbal origin were docked and simulated on viral key proteins of SARS-CoV-2 structure to evaluate the binding affinity of these phytochemicals along with the type of interaction and its stability in terms of <a>RMSD</a> and <a>Ramachandran plot</a>. Further, these results were also verified by drug likeness properties by using SwissADME software. Overall, our results suggest that out of 14 herbal compounds, Nimbolide and Withaferin-A has great potential to be developed as low-cost nutraceuticals against SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is the need of hour.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Atapour ◽  
Ali Golestan

Abstract Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection is a global epidemic that is spreading dramatically from day today. Currently, many efforts have been made against COVID-19 through the designing or developing of specific vaccines or drugs, worldwide. Unfortunately, to date, it has not been successful. Therefore, an effective vaccine against COVID-19 is mandatory. In this study, we used the bioinformatics approach to design an effective multi-epitope vaccine against COVID-19 based on Spike protein. Here, we implemented in silico tools to identify potential T and B cell epitopes that can induce cellular and humoral immunity. Then, the peptide sequence of potential T, B cell epitopes, and flagellin (as an adjuvant molecule) was joined together by suitable linkers to construct of candidate multi-epitope vaccine (MEV). Subsequently, immunological and structural evaluations such as antigenicity, 3D modeling, etc. were performed. In the following, molecular docking of vaccine constructs with Toll-Like Receptors 5 (TLR5), Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation as well as in silico cloning were carried out. Immunological and structural computational data showed that designed MEV potentially has proper capacity for inducing cellular and humoral immune responses against COVID-19. Based on the preliminary results, in vitro and in vivo experiments are required for validation in the future. Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccine, Reverse Vaccinology, Multi-epitope, Molecular docking, MD Simulation.


2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manik Ghosh ◽  
Kamal Kant ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
Padma Behera ◽  
Naresh Rangra ◽  
...  

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