scholarly journals Potential role of hypothalamic microRNAs in regulation of FOS and FTO expression in response to hypoglycemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashair M. Mussa ◽  
Jalal Taneera ◽  
Abdul Khader Mohammed ◽  
Ankita Srivastava ◽  
Debasmita Mukhopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Autonomic Failure ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractHypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) is a serious complication of diabetes which is associated with the absence of physiological homeostatic counter-regulatory mechanisms that are controlled by the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system. Identification of biomarkers for early detection of HAAF requires an advanced understanding of molecular signature of hypoglycemia which is yet to be identified. The outcomes of the present study have shown that the viability and the apoptotic rate of the hypothalamic neurons (mHypoE-N39) were decreased significantly due to hypoglycemia in a dose-dependent fashion (p < 0.05). Although there are more than 1000 miRNAs differentially expressed in hypothalamus, only twelve miRNAs (miR-7a, miR-7b, miR-9, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-30a, miR-30b, miR-30c, miR-101b-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-378-3p and miR-873-5p) were correlated to two main hypothalamic regulatory proteins, FOS and FTO. Expression of these proteins was very sensitive to hypoglycemia. We demonstrated that hypoglycemia modulates the expression of hypothalamic miRNAs that are related to FOS and FTO.

Role of sympathetic system in morphine-induced mydriasis in rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. R130-R135
Author(s):  
M. C. Wallenstein
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Pupillary Diameter ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonists ◽  
Hormonal Action ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effects of three doses (5, 30, and 60 mg/kg) of morphine on pupillary diameter (PD) were studied in rats that were either normal, neurotransmitter antagonist pretreated, guanethidine pretreated, cervical sympathectomized, or adrenalectomized. Morphine produced a dose-dependent increase in PD and exophthalmos. In addition, the PD concurrently underwent fluctuations. alpha-Adrenergic antagonists blocked both mydriasis and exophthalmos, whereas a beta-adrenergic antagonist had no significant effect. This suggested a role for the sympathetic nervous system. However, cervical sympathectomy or guanethidine pretreatment only partially blocked the increase in PD or exophthalmos. Adrenalectomy also partially blocked the mydriasis and exophthalmos. Adrenalectomy combined with guanethidine pretreatment completely blocked morphine-induced mydriasis but no exophthalmos. Thus, the results suggest that both direct sympathetic innervation and hormonal action from the adrenals are involved in morphine-induced mydriasis in the rat.

Thyroid hormone-catecholamine interrelationships during exposure to cold

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Storm ◽  
C. van Hardeveld ◽  
A. A. H. Kassenaar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Abstract. Basal plasma levels for adrenalin (A), noradrenalin (NA), l-triiodothyronine (T3), and l-thyroxine (T4) were determined in rats with a chronically inserted catheter. The experiments described in this report were started 3 days after the surgical procedure when T3 and T4 levels had returned to normal. Basal levels for the catecholamines were reached already 4 h after the operation. The T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 3, 7, and 14 days in rats kept at 4°C and the same holds for the iodide in the 24-h urine after 7 and 14 days at 4°C. The venous NA plasma concentration was increased 6- to 12-fold during the same period of exposure to cold, whereas the A concentration remained at the basal level. During infusion of NA at 23°C the T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 7 days compared to pair-fed controls, and the same holds for the iodide excretion in the 24-h urine. This paper presents further evidence for a role of the sympathetic nervous system on T4 metabolism in rats at resting conditions.

Neurovascular Role of Sympathetic Nervous System and Beta-Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms in Obesity and Hypertension

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Masuo ◽  
Gavin Lambert ◽  
Hiromi Rakugi ◽  
Toshio Ogihara ◽  
Murray Esler
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Role of Autonomic Nervous System in Maintenance of Cerebral and Renal Hypertension

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Rothman ◽  
Douglas R. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peripheral Vasculature ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

The blood pressure responses to various drugs were investigated in renal hypertensive, cerebral hypertensive and normotensive rabbits. Hexamethonium bromide and Dibenamine reduced the blood pressures of renal and cerebral hypertensives. Effects in the normal were insignificant. The cerebral hypertensive's blood pressure was slightly affected by benzodioxane. Blood pressure was not reduced at all in the other groups. Blood pressure of the renal hypertensive rabbit was greatly reduced by Veriloid and dihydroergocornine. Blood pressures of cerebral and normal animals were affected to a lesser degree. The results suggest that maintenance of hypertension in the cerebral hypertensive rabbit depends on an overactive sympathetic nervous system, possibly due to the release of medullary pressor centers from inhibitory impulses originating in higher centers; whereas, the maintenance of hypertension in the renal hypertensive rabbit may be attributed to an increased reactivity of the peripheral vasculature to a normal sympathetic tone.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Resistant Hypertension: The Role of Sympathetic Nervous System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Tsioufis ◽  
Athanasios Kordalis ◽  
Dimitris Flessas ◽  
Ioannis Anastasopoulos ◽  
Dimitris Tsiachris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Resistant hypertension (RH) is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Among the characteristics of patients with RH, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and aldosterone excess are covering a great area of the mosaic of RH phenotype. Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity is present in all these underlying conditions, supporting its crucial role in the pathophysiology of antihypertensive treatment resistance. Current clinical and experimental knowledge points towards an impact of several factors on SNS activation, namely, insulin resistance, adipokines, endothelial dysfunction, cyclic intermittent hypoxaemia, aldosterone effects on central nervous system, chemoreceptors, and baroreceptors dysregulation. The further investigation and understanding of the mechanisms leading to SNS activation could reveal novel therapeutic targets and expand our treatment options in the challenging management of RH.

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