Host selection for the rearing of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a fruit fly parasitoid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florida López-Arriaga ◽  
César Pérez-Cruz ◽  
Patricia López ◽  
Salvador Flores ◽  
Jorge Cancino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Social modulation of oogenesis and egg-laying in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailly Tiphaine ◽  
Philip Kohlmeier ◽  
Rampal Etienne ◽  
Bregje Wertheim ◽  
Jean-Christophe Billeter
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Gravid Females

Being part of a group facilitates cooperation between group members, but also creates competition for limited resources. This conundrum is problematic for gravid females who benefit from being in a group, but whose future offspring may struggle for access to nutrition in larger groups. Females should thus modulate their reproductive output depending on their social context. Although social-context dependent modulation of reproduction is documented in a broad range of species, its underlying mechanisms and functions are poorly understood. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, females actively attract conspecifics to lay eggs on the same resources, generating groups in which individuals may cooperate or compete. The tractability of the genetics of this species allows dissecting the mechanisms underlying physiological adaptation to their social context. Here, we show that females produce eggs increasingly faster as group size increases. By laying eggs faster in group than alone, females appear to reduce competition between offspring and increase their likelihood of survival. In addition, females in a group lay their eggs during the light phase of the day, while isolated females lay them during the night. We show that responses to the presence of others are determined by vision through the motion detection pathway and that flies from any sex, mating status or species can trigger these responses. The mechanisms of this modulation of egg-laying by group is connected to a lifting of the inhibition of light on oogenesis and egg-laying by stimulating hormonal pathways involving juvenile hormone. Because modulation of reproduction by social context is a hallmark of animals with higher levels of sociality, our findings represent a protosocial mechanism in a species considered solitary that may have been the target of selection for the evolution of more complex social systems.

Age-of-Information-Based Host Selection for Mobile User Provided Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-683
Author(s):  
Yu Nakayama ◽  
Kazuki Maruta
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Mobile User ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Age Of Information

scholarly journals Within host selection for faster replicating bacterial symbionts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Chrostek ◽  
Luis Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Genomic Amplification ◽  
Intracellular Symbiont ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Copy Number Changes

AbstractWolbachia is a widespread, intracellular symbiont of arthropods, able to induce reproductive distortions and antiviral protection in insects. Wolbachia can also be pathogenic, as is the case with wMelPop, a virulent variant of the endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster. An extensive genomic amplification of the 20kb region encompassing eight Wolbachia genes, called Octomom, is responsible for wMelPop virulence. The Octomom copy number in wMelPop can be highly variable between individual D. melanogaster flies, even when comparing siblings arising from a single female. Moreover, Octomom copy number can change rapidly between generations. These data suggest an intra-host variability in Octomom copy number between Wolbachia cells. Since wMelPop Wolbachia with different Octomom copy numbers grow at different rates, we hypothesized that selection could act on this intra-host variability. Here we tested if total Octomom copy number changes during the lifespan of individual Drosophila hosts, revealing selection for different Wolbachia populations. We performed a time course analysis of Octomom amplification in flies whose mothers were controlled for Octomom copy number. We show that despite the Octomom copy number being relatively stable it increases slightly throughout D. melanogaster adult life. This indicates that there is selection acting on the intra-host variation in the Octomom copy number over the lifespan of individual hosts. This within host selection for faster replicating bacterial symbionts may be in conflict with between host selection against highly pathogenic Wolbachia.

Host selection for effective Rhizobium trifolii by red clover and subterranean clover in the field

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Rhizobium Trifolii ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Heterologous Host ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Test Plants

Cultures of root-nodule bacteria, from the nodules of red clover and subterranean clover growing closely together in the field, were tested for comparative symbiotic ability (effectiveness) with both red clover and subterranean clover. It was found that test plants of either host species nodulated faster and more effectively when inoculated with cultures isolated from the homologous host growing in the field than did test plants inoculated with cultures isolated from the heterologous host. Because the hosts had originally been nodulated in the presence of the same field populations of Rhizobium trifolii, it is concluded that the host legume exerts a selective effect in accepting infections from a mixed population.

scholarly journals Microbial production host selection for converting second-generation feedstocks into bioproducts

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Rumbold ◽  
Hugo JJ van Buijsen ◽  
Karin M Overkamp ◽  
Johan W van Groenestijn ◽  
Peter J Punt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Microbial Production ◽  
Production Host ◽  
Selection For
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