Effects of precipitation and land use/cover changes on the spatio-temporal distribution of the water yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Shao ◽  
Yong Yang
Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiqing Han ◽  
Yuxiang Dong

Water supply is an important freshwater ecosystem service provided by ecosystems. Water shortages resulting from spatio-temporal heterogeneity of climate condition or human activities present serious problems in the Guizhou Province of southwest China. This study aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal changes of water supply service using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model, explore how climate and land-use changes impact water supply provision, and discuss the impact of parameters associated with climate and land-use in the InVEST model on water supply in the region. We used data and the model to forecast trends for the year 2030 and found that water supply has been declining in the region at the watershed scale since 1990. Climate and land-use change played important roles in affecting the water supply. Water supply was overwhelmingly driven by the reference evapotranspiration and annual average precipitation, while the plant evapotranspiration coefficients for each land-use type had a relatively small effect. The method for sensitivity analysis developed in this study allowed exploration of the relative importance of parameters in the InVEST water yield model. The Grain-for-Green project, afforestation, and urban expansion control should be accelerated in this region to protect the water supply.


Author(s):  
Jong Kwon Im ◽  
Sang Hun Kim ◽  
Young Seok Kim ◽  
Soon Ju Yu

Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals are being increasingly used for disease treatment; hence, their distribution and factors influencing them in the aquatic environment need to be investigated. This study observed the effect of human and animal populations, usage, purchasing criteria (prescription vs. non-prescription), and land use to identify the spatio-temporal distribution of eight pharmaceuticals at twenty-four sites of the tributaries of the Han River watershed. In rural areas, the mean concentration (detection frequency) of non-prescription pharmaceuticals (NPPs) was higher (lower) compared to that of prescription pharmaceuticals (PPs); in urban areas, a reverse trend was observed. Pharmaceutical concentrations in urban and rural areas were mainly affected by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and non-point sources, respectively; concentrations were higher downstream (4.9 times) than upstream of the WWTPs. The concentration distribution (according to the target) was as follows: human–veterinary > human > veterinary. Correlation between total concentration and total usage of the pharmaceuticals was high, except for NPPs. Most livestock and land use (except cropland) were significantly positively correlated with pharmaceutical concentrations. Concentrations were mainly higher (1.5 times) during cold seasons than during warm seasons. The results of this study can assist policymakers in managing pharmaceutical pollutants while prioritizing emerging pollutants.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Maíra Iaê Savioli Rocha ◽  
Diego Tarley Ferreira Nascimento

Usualmente empregadas pelos povos tradicionais, as queimadas também têm sido utilizadas para o desmatamento de vegetação natural e incorporação de atividades agropecuárias. Diante desse contexto, tem-se como objetivo analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal dos focos de queimadas no bioma Cerrado no período de 1999 a 2018, verificando sua ocorrência entre os diferentes tipos de cobertura e uso do solo, no intuito de avaliar a hipótese de que a prática de queimadas esteja recorrentemente associada à desmatamentos e à implantação de atividades agropecuárias. Para tanto, foram compilados, organizados e processados em ambiente SIG, arquivos vetoriais de focos de queimadas, a partir do Banco de Dados de Queimadas (BDQ/INPE), e arquivos raster de mapeamentos de cobertura e uso do solo do Cerrado, elaborados e disponibilizados pelo Projeto MapBiomas, ambos dados referente ao bioma Cerrado e ao recorte temporal de 1999 a 2018. Em termos médios, verifica-se a ocorrência de 65.513 focos anuais de queimadas, porém, em alguns anos a quantidade de queimadas atinge o montante de 137.918 focos, como visto em 2007. Há uma concentração das queimadas no período seco, especialmente, no trimestre agosto-setembro-outubro, que responde por 72% das ocorrências anuais. A maior densidade de queimadas é percebida ao longo da fronteira agrícola na região do MATOPIBA e próxima ao Arco do Desmatamento, nos estados do Maranhão, Tocantins e de Mato Grosso, ao passo que evidencia-se a maior incidência das queimadas sobre determinadas classes de cobertura e uso do solo, sobretudo representadas por formações savânicas e campestres.  Space-temporal distribution of fires in the Cerrado biome (1999/2018) and their occurence according to different types of coverage and soil uses A B S T R A C TUsually employed by traditional communities, fires have also been used to deforest and incorporate agricultural activities. Given this context, the objective is to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of the fires in the Cerrado biome, from 1999 to 2018, verifying their occurrence between the different types of cover and land use, in order to assess the hypotheses that the practice of fires is recurrently associated with deforestation and the implementation of agricultural activities. For this purpose, were compiled, organized and processed in a GIS environment, fires focus from the Burn Database of the National Institute for Space Research and mappings of cover and land use, elaborated and availabled by the MapBiomas Project, both data referring to the Cerrado biome and over the years 1999 to 2018. On average, there are 65,513 annual fires, but in some years the amount of burns reaches the amount of 137,918 – as seen in 2007. There is a concentration of fires in the dry period, mainly in the August-September-October, which accounts for 72% of annual fires. The highest density of fires occurs mainly along the agricultural frontier in the MATOPIBA region and close to the Arc of Deforestation, specifically in the states of Maranhão, Tocantins and Mato Grosso, while there is a greater incidence of fires on certain classes of coverage and land use, especially represented by savanna and grassland formation, which corroborates the hypothesis of the use of fires to convert vegetation cover into anthropic uses.Keywords: Fires, Cerrado, Cover and land use.


2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1286-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong-Xin LI ◽  
Yuan-Quan CHEN ◽  
Qing-Cheng WANG ◽  
Kai-Chang LIU ◽  
Wang-Sheng GAO ◽  
...  

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