Mitochondrial marker–based analyses provide new insights into role of coral reef ecosystems in molluscan speciation

Ocean ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented rates of climate and anthropogenic change, which can often initiate stress in marine organisms. Symbioses, or associations between different organisms, are plentiful in the ocean and could play a significant role in facilitating organismal adaptations to stressful ocean conditions. This article reviews current knowledge about the role of symbiosis in marine organismal acclimation and adaptation. It discusses stress and adaptations in symbioses from coral reef ecosystems, which are among the most affected environments in the ocean, including the relationships between corals and microalgae, corals and bacteria, anemones and clownfish, and cleaner fish and client fish. Despite the importance of this subject, knowledge of how marine organisms adapt to stress is still limited, and there are vast opportunities for research and technological development in this area. Attention to this subject will enhance our understanding of the capacity of symbioses to alleviate organismal stress in the oceans.

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The scientific issues surrounding remote detection of submerged coral ecosystems

Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment ◽

10.1177/030913339802200203 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 190-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Heather Holden ◽

Ellsworth LeDrew

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Large Scale ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

Coastal Zones ◽

Global Status ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽

Remote Estimation

According to the 1993 colloquium on the ‘Global status of coral reefs', our understanding of the global role of coral reefs is inadequate. To increase our understanding, an accurate large-scale mapping and monitoring programme is necessary. Historically, coastal zones have been mapped using traditional surveying tools such as topographic maps, nautical charts, existing aerial photographs and direct observations. Although less expensive than digital imagery, exclusive use of these traditional tools may not be practical for monitoring large or remote coral reef ecosystems accurately. Researchers are attempting to develop an adequate coral reef mapping system based on digital remote sensing, but are impeded by issues such as effects of the intervening water column and spectral distinction of bottom types. The two variables discussed, which will contribute to our understanding of the global role of coral reefs, are: 1) remote sensing of submerged coral reefs in general; and 2) remote sensing of coral bleaching in particular. A summary of radiative transfer theory is presented and case studies of attempts at mapping remotely the geographic extent and health of submerged ecosystems, as well as a discussion of the remote estimation of water depth and quality. Problems in the translation and delivery of information to the end user are presented, and possible solutions suggested.

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HOLOCENE FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA AT THE REGION OF PHAN VINH ISLAND, TRUONG SA ARCHIPELAGO AND SOME RELATED PROBLEMS

Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Biển ◽

10.15625/1859-3097/18/1/12579 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 39-51

Author(s):

Nguyen Ngoc

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Environmental Quality ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Marine Environments ◽

The World ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽

Initial Research

Holocene Foraminiferal fauna at the area of Phan Vinh island, Truong Sa archipelago is relatively abundant and diverse in both taxonomic composition and ecological characteristics. The initial research results have identified 69 species (excluding several ones unidentified) belonging to 42 genera, 25 families and 6 orders. Among them, the representatives of the genera of Calcarina, Amphistegina, Heterostegina, Elphidium, Amphisorus, Marginopora, Sorites, Parasorites, Peneroplis, Archaias, Siphonipheroides, Septotextularia are predominant. They characterized by the shallow, transparent and warm marine environments of the region of Truong Sa archipelago during Holocene. Some problems related to this fauna at the area of Phan Vinh island such as biodiversity of coral-reef ecosystems, stratigraphic and paleogeographical significances, and its role of reef - building are also mentioned in this article. In addition, for the modern Foraminifera in the world, today they are being used as ‘biomarkers’ (bioindicators) in assessing and monitoring environmental quality of coral reef ecosystems in particular and marine environment in general. In Vietnam, this method has not been applied, but in the future, this is one of the methods that should be concerned. In addition, in aquaculture the Foraminifera is also a source of nutrition that should not be ignored.

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PENYEBARAN BULU BABI (Sea Urchins) DI PERAIRAN PULAU MENJANGAN KECIL, KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA, JEPARA

Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) ◽

10.14710/marj.v6i3.20580 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 230-238

Author(s):

Fitria Hersiana Afifa ◽

Supriharyono Supriharyono ◽

Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Dispersion Index ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽

Dispersal Patterns ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽

Spread Pattern ◽

Different Depths

ABSTRAK Echinodermata merupakan salah satu phylum yang memiliki peranan penting di perairan terumbu karang, seperti ditemukan di Perairan Pulau Menjangan Kecil. Peranan Bulu Babi di ekosistem terumbu karang berkaitan dengan pengendalian ekspansi algae. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 19 dan 20 November 2016, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui penyebaran Bulu Babi serta kelimpahan Bulu Babi pada kedalaman dan antar lokasi yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksplanatif. Stasiun pengukuran terdapat di zona muka dan belakang pulau yang terdapat terumbu karang, masing-masing stasiun dengan kedalaman yang berbeda. Pola penyebaran Bulu Babi dapat diketahui menggunakan formula ID= S2/ , berdasarkan rumus tersebut diketahui nilai ID (indeks dispersion) tiap kedalaman di dua lokasi yang berbeda. Hasil ID pada Lokasi A berbeda pada kedalaman 0-90cm dan 90-140cm ID < 1, sedangkan kedalaman 140-170cm dan >170cm ID > 1. Hasil ID lokasi B pada empat kedalaman yang berbeda yaitu ID>1. Berdasarkan hasil ID tersebut dapat diketahui bagaimana pola penyebaran. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Bulu Babi di Pulau Menjangan Kecil sebagian besar hidup mengelompok pada kedalaman yang ekosistem terumbu karang masih cukup baik. Kata Kunci: Pulau Menjangan Kecil; Penyebaran; Kelimpahan; Bulu Babi ABSTRACT Echinoderm is one of the phylum that has an important role in the waters of the coral reefs, as found in the waters of the Menjangan Kecil Island. The role of the sea urchins in the coral reef ecosystem is related to the control of algae expansion. The study was conducted in 19th and 20th November 2016, with the objective of knowing the spread abundance of sea urchins at different depths and locations. The method that used was explanative method. The measuring stations are located in the back and forth zones of coral reefs, each with different depths. Spread pattern of sea urchins can be known using the formula ID = S2 / x ̅, based on the formula is known value of ID (dispersion index) each depth at two different location. Result ID at Location A at 0-90 cm and 90-140 cm is ID <1, while at 140-170 cm and > 170 cm is ID> 1. The result of location ID B on four different depths is ID> 1. Based on the ID results can be known how the pattern of dissemination. This indicates that the sea urchins in Menjangan Kecil Island live mostly in groups at the depths of which coral reef ecosystems are still quite good. Keywords: Menjangan Kecil Island; Dispersal patterns; Abundanc; Sea Urchins

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