scholarly journals Trans Masculinity: Comparing Trans Masculine Individuals’ and Cisgender Men’s Conformity to Hegemonic Masculinity

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Anzani ◽  
Sofia Pavanello Decaro ◽  
Antonio Prunas
Keyword(s):  
Minority Stress ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculinity Threat ◽  
Traditional Masculinity ◽  
Minority Stress Model

Abstract Introduction Masculinity and masculine norms are still relevant in the current social context. Literature showed that some masculine norms could be considered protective health buffers, while traditional masculinity has negative consequences on men’s behaviors, relationships, and health. Methods In the present study, we aimed at investigating trans masculine and cisgender men’s levels of adherence to different dimensions of hegemonic masculinity. A total of 200 participants (100 trans masculine people and 100 cisgender men) took part in the study. Results Results exhibit that trans masculine individuals showed higher scores than cisgender men on the dimensions of emotional control and self-reliance, whereas cisgender men showed higher endorsement of norms such as heterosexual self-presentation and power over women. Conclusions Results are discussed in light of the minority stress model and masculinity threat theory. Policy Implications The present work should act as a reminder of the pressure that trans masculine people may feel to conform to certain aspects of hegemonic masculinity. This may have the adaptive function of protecting them from the discrimination and threats that they expect from others.

scholarly journals Is Traditional Masculinity Still Valued? Men’s Perceptions of How Different Reference Groups Value Traditional Masculinity Norms

2021 ◽  
pp. 106082652110188
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Iacoviello ◽  
Giulia Valsecchi ◽  
Jacques Berent ◽  
Islam Borinca ◽  
Juan M. Falomir-Pichastor
Keyword(s):  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Traditional Masculinity ◽  
Feminist Movements

Traditional masculinity norms are generally defined as hegemonic because they contribute to maintaining men’s favorable position in the gender hierarchy. Nevertheless, many observers argue that traditional masculinity norms are fading away under the pressure of feminist movements and are being replaced by more progressive, non-hegemonic masculinity norms. The present research examines men’s perceptions of how traditional masculinity norms are viewed by three reference groups: society as a whole, other men, and women. We assessed these perceptions via two experiments based on the self-presentation paradigm and involving American ( N = 161) or British ( N = 160) men. Participants in both experiments perceived traditional masculinity as being valued by other men but not by society as a whole or by women. We discuss the implications of these findings in the light of current changes in masculinity norms.

Anxiety Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Weiss ◽  
Bethany Owens Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Literature Base ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Minority Stress Model

Rates of anxiety disorders are significantly elevated among sexual and gender minorities. In this chapter, the minority stress model is discussed as a framework for conceptualizing anxiety among sexual and gender minorities, and the authors review the literature on the relationships between specific minority stressors and symptoms. The authors examine prevalence rates of anxiety disorders among sexual minorities and gender minorities, separately and in comparison to heterosexual and cisgender individuals. Also reviewed is the literature on anxiety disorders among sexual and gender minorities with a racial or ethnic minority status. Current assessment and treatment approaches are identified and reviewed. Finally, limitations to the current literature base are discussed and recommendations are provided for future studies.

REGIONALISM APPROACH UNDER THE COVID-19 CIRCUMSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
E. Rasoulinezhad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Parts

The outbreak of Covid-19 disease since late 2019 has led to fundamental changes in the process of globalization and liberalization of the world economy. In order to prevent the spread of this disease and control its negative consequences, many countries have implemented policies such as urban quarantine, cutting off passenger communication with neighboring countries and the world, closing tourist and tourist places, and implementing policies to protect domestic industries. In general, it led to the phenomenon of reverse globalization. According to the development of new economic convergence, which is based on the role of the market in economic relations between countries can play an important role in improving the productive capacity of countries in a region and create economic integration in different parts of the world. Such a state of integration in different parts of the world could be the solution to the process of globalization and in the post-Corona era, the concept of “one for all, all for one” was created at the regional and global level. As policy implications, the paper recommended some points to make a greater integration between Iran and Russia in the region

Why don’t “real men” learn languages? Masculinity threat and gender ideology suppress men’s language learning motivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Everhart Chaffee ◽  
Nigel Mantou Lou ◽  
Kimberly A. Noels ◽  
Joshua W. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Masculinity Threat ◽  
Traditional Masculinity

Large gender disparities in participation still exist across many university subjects and career fields, but few studies have examined factors that account for gender gaps in female-dominated disciplines. We examine one possible cause: threatened masculinity among men who hold traditional gender ideologies. Past research has linked endorsement of traditional gender ideologies to gender-stereotypical occupational choices, and threats to masculinity can lead men to distance themselves from femininity. After confirming that 1,672 undergraduates stereotyped language learning as feminine, we applied a masculinity threat manipulation to investigate 182 men’s disinterest in studying foreign languages, a female-dominated university subject. Men with traditional masculinity ideologies reported less interest in foreign language study and less positive attitudes towards foreign languages following masculinity threat, compared to men whose masculinity was affirmed or who held less traditional masculinity beliefs. Traditional masculine gender roles may lead some men to avoid feminine-typed domains, such as foreign language learning.

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