scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability of soil loss in gully erosion in upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemsha Bogale ◽  
Dessalew Aynalem ◽  
Anwar Adem ◽  
Wolde Mekuria ◽  
Seifu Tilahun
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Upper Blue Nile Basin

scholarly journals Runoff, soil loss, and soil properties as influenced by land use and management practices: Case study from the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kindiye Ebabu ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Enyew Adgo ◽  
Derege Meshesha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Land Use And Management ◽  
Upper Blue Nile Basin

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variability in Hydrological Responses of the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatenda Lemann ◽  
Vincent Roth ◽  
Gete Zeleke ◽  
Alemtsehay Subhatu ◽  
Tibebu Kassawmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Hydrological Responses ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
Upper Blue Nile Basin

To assess the spatial and temporal availability of blue and green water for up- and downstream stakeholders, the hydrological responses of the upper Blue Nile basin in the Ethiopian Highlands was modelled and analysed with newly generated input data, such as soil and land use maps. To consider variations in the seasonal climate, topography, soil, land use, and land management, the upper Blue Nile basin was modelled in seven major sub-basins. The modelling showed significant spatial and temporal differences in the hydrological responses of different sub-basins and years. The long-term mean annual drainage ratios of the watersheds range from <0.1 to >0.65, and the annual drainage ratio of one sub-basin can vary from 0.22 to 0.49. Steep slopes, shallow soils, and cultivated areas increase the drainage ratios due to high surface runoff, low soil moisture content, and a smaller share of evapotranspiration. Various climate change scenarios predict more precipitation, and land use change scenarios foresee a higher share of cultivated areas due to population growth. In view of these trends, results from our study suggest that drainage ratios will increase and more available blue water can be expected for downstream stakeholders.

scholarly journals Potential soil loss estimation for conservation planning, upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 100224
Author(s):  
Nega T. Endalamaw ◽  
Mamaru A. Moges ◽  
Yadeta S. Kebede ◽  
Bekalu M. Alehegn ◽  
Birhanu G. Sinshaw
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Loss Estimation ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Potential Soil Loss ◽  
Upper Blue Nile Basin

scholarly journals The status of soil erosion in the Upper Blue Nile Basin: Identification of hot spot Areas and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in the Toba Watershed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakjira Takala Dibaba ◽  
Dessalegn Geleta Ebsa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Upper Blue Nile Basin

Abstract Land degradation caused by soil erosion has become the most serious problem in the Ethiopian highlands. Quantifying the spatial variations of soil loss with a strong evidence helps to prioritize the watersheds for the implementation of different management practices. The study was carried out in the Toba Watershed of the Upper Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia. Its objective was to evaluate the rate of soil erosion and identify the hotspots with high risk of soil erosion for watershed management planning. Then, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of best management practices (BMP) in reducing soil loss. The performance of SWAT in simulating streamflow and sediment yield was evaluated through sensitivity analysis, uncertainty, calibration and validation process. Statistically, the calibrated and validated sediment yields (SY) against the observed sediment data were reasonably accurate (R2 = 0.67, 0.65, NSE = 0.66, 0.64, PBIAS=-8.4%, 9.8% respectively). The annual SY in Toba watershed varies from 0.09 t ha− 1 yr− 1 to 44.8 t ha− 1 yr− 1 with an average SY of 22.7 t ha− 1 yr− 1. To prioritize the SY of the watershed, the annual severity of SY was divided into six classes: very low, low, moderate, high, very high and severe. The study also showed that SY in most watersheds (about 53.8%) were higher than the average. Cultivation on steep slopes leads to the highest SY, while forested areas have lower SY contribution. five management scenarios were evaluated using the Calibrated model. Seventeen sub-basins with SY exceeding the tolerable erosion of Ethiopia (t ha− 1 yr− 1) were considered for the analysis of the BMP scenario. The results show that reforestation combined with vegetative strips was the most effective for soil erosion control (87.8% reduction) followed by the combination of soil/stone bund and vegetative strips (83.7% reduction). Overall, the results of this study provided important data for watershed management and are very useful to ensure the sustainable management of land and natural resources at watershed level.

scholarly journals Multi-Dimensional Drought Assessment in Abbay/Upper Blue Nile Basin: The Importance of Shared Management and Regional Coordination Efforts for Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Yared Bayissa ◽  
Semu Moges ◽  
Assefa Melesse ◽  
Tsegaye Tadesse ◽  
Anteneh Z. Abiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Upper Blue Nile Basin

Drought is one of the least understood and complex natural hazards often characterized by a significant decrease in water availability for a prolonged period. It can be manifested in one or more forms as meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and/or socio-economic drought. The overarching objective of this study is to demonstrate and characterize the different forms of droughts and to assess the multidimensional nature of drought in the Abbay/ Upper Blue Nile River (UBN) basin and its national and regional scale implications. In this study, multiple drought indices derived from in situ and earth observation-based hydro-climatic variables were used. The meteorological drought was characterized using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) computed from the earth observation-based gridded CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station) rainfall data. Agricultural and hydrological droughts were characterized by using the Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI) and Standardized Runoff-discharge Index (SRI), respectively. The monthly time series of SMDI was derived from model-based gridded soil moisture and SRI from observed streamflow data from 1982 to 2019. The preliminary result illustrates the good performance of the drought indices in capturing the historic severe drought events (e.g., 1984 and 2002) and the spatial extents across the basin. The results further indicated that all forms of droughts (i.e., meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological) occurred concurrently in Abbay/Upper Blue Nile basin with a Pearson correlation coefficient ranges from 0.5 to 0.85 both Kiremt and annual aggregate periods. The concurrent nature of drought is leading to a multi-dimensional socio-economic crisis as indicated by rainfall, and soil moisture deficits, and drying of small streams. Multi-dimensional drought mitigation necessitates regional cooperation and watershed management to protect both the common water sources of the Abbay/Upper Blue Nile basin and the socio-economic activities of the society in the basin. This study also underlines the need for multi-scale drought monitoring and management practices in the basin.

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