Binary mixtures of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for the extraction of benzene from n-hexane

AbstractA suitable green solvent for extraction of aromatics from aliphatics must possess good solvation and physicochemical properties, a rare occurrence in a single deep eutectic solvent (DES). Mixture of DESs could enable synergy and provide a good candidate extractant. In this study, DESs of glyceline, ethaline, and reline were synthesized and their binary mixtures (glyceline/ethaline, reline/ethaline, and glyceline/reline) produced by blending in various volume proportions. Twelve of such mixed solvents were prepared and their extraction efficiency for separating benzene from n-hexane investigated in a batch equilibrium process. Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data for the pseudo-ternary systems of n-hexane + benzene + mixed DESs were measured at 303 K and 101.3 kPa. The distribution coefficient (D) and selectivity (S) of each pseudo-ternary system were determined to elicit extraction efficiency. The physicochemical properties of the mixed DESs were also measured. The results show that generally the distribution coefficients, selectivities, and physicochemical properties of the mixed DESs lie between the corresponding values for the constituent DES. The best performance was given by the mixed solvent of glyceline and ethaline in the 80:20 volume ratio, respectively, with D = 0.75 and S = 422.485. This assertion was further corroborated by higher percent recovery of benzene obtained from the said mixed DES (57.88%) relative to other mixed DESs (≤ 49.11%) examined in this study. Furthermore, its separation efficiency is superior to sulfolane but lower than glyceline, though there was a 9.4% reduction in its viscosity relative to glyceline.

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Structure and functionality of oat protein extracted by choline chloride‒dihydric alcohol deep eutectic solvent and its water binary mixtures

Food Hydrocolloids ◽

10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106330 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 106330

Author(s):

Jianxiong Yue ◽

Zhenbao Zhu ◽

Jianhua Yi ◽

Yang Lan ◽

Bingcan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binary Mixtures ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽

Dihydric Alcohol

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Novel Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Levulinic Acid and 1,4-Butanediol as an Extraction Media for Bioactive Alkaloid Rutaecarpine

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7030171 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 171 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yue-Yue Si ◽

Shi-Wei Sun ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Hai-Lin Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Levulinic Acid ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽

Supermolecular Structure ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Unripe Fruits

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are increasingly receiving interest as a new type of green and sustainable alternative to hazardous organic solvents. In this work, a novel DES based on levulinic acid (La) and 1,4-butanediol (Buta) as an extraction media was developed for extracting the bioactive alkaloid rutaecarpine from the unripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum. 24 different DESs consisting of choline chloride, betaine, sugar alcohols, organic acids, amides, and sugars were prepared and tailored to test their extraction efficiency. After initial screening, a hydrophilic DES composed of La and Buta with 1:0.5 molar ratio containing 25% water was tailored for the highest extraction efficiency, followed by the optimizations of molar ratio and water content. The interaction between the molecules of La-Buta DES was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in order to confirm its deep eutectic supermolecular structure feature. The extraction conditions were optimized by single-factor experiments, including extraction temperature, extraction time, and solid-liquid ratio. The developed La-Buta DES extraction procedure was successfully applied for the analysis of rutaecarpine in Chinese patent medicines containing the unripe fruits of T. ruticarpum. The excellent property of La-Buta DES indicated its potential as a promising green solvent instead of conventional organic solvent for the extraction of rutaecarpine from the unripe fruits of T. ruticarpum, and that it can used as a sustainable and safe extraction media for other applications.

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Application of deep eutectic solvents (DES) to the denitrification of transportation fuels : insights from experimental liquid-liquid phase equilibrium data

10.51415/10321/3380 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Sanele Enough Msibi

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Distribution Coefficients ◽

Liquid Equilibrium ◽

Transportation Fuels ◽

Basic Nitrogen ◽

Equilibrium Data

Air pollution by combustion of fossil fuels is of global concern in this decade and beyond. The presence of nitrogen and sulphur impurities pose deleterious effects to refinery equipment, the environment, and human health. Therefore, many governments continue to impose stringent environmental regulations and standards on transportation fuels emissions. The current study evaluates alternate processing solutions to complement or replace the currently used processes to refine these impurities to meet the increasingly stringent fuel standards. This study evaluates the use of a class extractive solvents called Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) for the removal of basic nitrogen impurities from refining streams by liquid-liquid extraction. This process is evinced as energy saving and environmentally friendly. The removal of pyridine and quinoline by the direct analytical method with choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent (DES) was studied. Liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements data were undertaken at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure for n-heptane + pyridine/quinoline + [choline chloride + glycerol] DES and n-heptane + pyridine/quinoline + [choline chloride + ethylene glycol] DES systems. The obtained data were then regressed using the Non Random Two Liquid and Universal Quasi-Chemical models activity coefficient, and their mathematical reliability was validated using the Othmer Tobias and Hand correlations. A mixture of choline chloride and glycerol (DES1) showed greater extraction potential for basic nitrogen containing compounds compared to choline chloride and ethylene glycol with a distribution coefficient and selectivity of 22.7 and 2056 for pyridine, and 3.3 and 164.9 for quinoline respectively. The studied solvents showed comparability to organic and ionic liquids solvents in selectivity and distribution coefficients. The obtained liquid-liquid equilibrium data can be used in the design of a solvent extraction equipment, as phase diagrams plays an important role in separation process design.

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Structural and Transport Properties of Binary Mixtures of Deep Eutectic Solvent (Ethaline) with Primary Alcohols: A Molecular Dynamics Study

10.26434/chemrxiv.14381996.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

kishant kumar ◽

Anand Bharti ◽

Aditya Sinha

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Transport Properties ◽

Binary Mixtures ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Md Simulations ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Primary Alcohols

<table><tr><td>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are classified as the green solvents which are considered as an alternative to volatile organic solvents. In this work, the thermophysical, structural and transport properties of binary mixtures of DES ethaline (choline chloride (ChCl) + ethylene glycol (etgly) at a molar ratio of 1:2) with primary alcohols (methanol/ethanol) are studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations</td></tr></table> <br>

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