scholarly journals Forests in common: Learning from diversity of community forest arrangements in Europe

AMBIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-464
Author(s):  
Anna Lawrence ◽  
Paola Gatto ◽  
Nevenka Bogataj ◽  
Gun Lidestav
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Communities Of Place ◽  
Common Learning ◽  
Governance Arrangements

AbstractEurope has a wealth of community forest arrangements. This paper aims to transcend the diversity of locally specific terms and forms, to highlight the value of considering them inclusively. Building on methods to make sense of diversity, we use reflexive grounded inquiry in fifteen cases in Italy, Scotland, Slovenia and Sweden. Within four dimensions (forest, community, relationships between them, and relationships with wider society), we identify 43 subdimensions to describe them collectively. Our approach shows how European arrangements contribute to wider discourses of collective natural resource management. Both tradition and innovation in Europe inform options for environmental governance. Arrangements challenge the distinction between ‘communities of place’ and ‘communities of interest’, with implications for social and environmental justice. They exemplify multilevel environmental governance through both vertical and horizontal connections. Emerging from long histories of political and environmental pressures, they have a role in enhancing society’s connection with nature and adaptive capacity.

Approach Paper: Evaluation of the Inter-American Development Bank's Governance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rose ◽  
Josette Arévalo ◽  
Thaís Soares ◽  
Andreia Barcellos
Keyword(s):  
Executive Directors ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Work Program ◽  
Governance Arrangements

This approach paper defines the objectives, scope, and methodology for the Office of Evaluation and Oversight's (OVE) evaluation of the governance of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). The evaluation is included in OVE's 2020-2021 work program (document RE-543) in response to a request by the Board of Executive Directors to evaluate the IDB's governance arrangements. Drawing from similar evaluations, these aspects will be evaluated in four dimensions: effectiveness, efficiency, accountability and transparency, and voice.

scholarly journals Vegetation Analysis of Namuna Community Forest of Salbari, Sanischare VDC in Jhapa District, Eastern Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Vegetation Study

Vegetation study was carried out in an afforested land called Namuna Community Forest in Salbari, Sanischare, VDC, Jhapa, District. Random samplings for estimation of density, frequency, basal area and IVI were carried out by laying quadrates (10m x 10 m) at different sites of forest, three times and mean value was calculated. Nine tree species were recorded during field study. Total density of 10,410 pl/ha and total basal area of 33.956 m2/ha of tree species were recorded. The value of density (1790 pl/ha), basal area (31.45m2/ha) and IVI (130.63) were found highest for Shorea robusta, which is ecologically successful species in this forest. Lower value of basal area showed that this forest is young and regenerating. Other tree species had comparatively lower value of density, basal area and IVI due to regular human inte rference. Therefore an example of establishing forest community so as to initiate the conservation of local biodiversity has been discussed in this article.Key words: Community forest; conservation; IVI estimation; regenerating; Shorea robustaJournal of Natural History Museum Vol. 23, 2008 Page 12-15

scholarly journals Forest Composition, Fuelwood Harvest and Regeneration Status in Four Community Forests of Central Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghanashyam Subedi ◽  
Binod Khatiwada ◽  
Sandesh Bhattarai ◽  
Kamal Prasad Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Castanopsis Indica

Present study aims to explore forest composition, fuelwood harvest and regeneration status in two community forests of central Nepal. We carried out our study in different periods of 2007 and 2008. Household surveys were conducted to find the condition of fuelwood harvest and people dependency on community forest. Community forests of Nawalparasi districts are dominated by Shorea robusta whereas community forests of Syanja district are dominated by Castanopsis indica and Schima wallichii with highest IVI value. Percapita fuelwood consumption and domestic animals are higher in Nawalparasi district than in Syanja district. Grasses are the main source of fodder in Nawalparasi district whereas trees in Syanja district. Farmland is the main source for fodder in both the districts but even higher in Syanja district. For fuelwood people depend on forest than the farmland. Dominant tree species in Patapati Lulpani Community Forest (PLCF) showed reverse J-shaped size class distribution indicating sustainable regeneration whereas dominant tree species in Gamtam Community Forest (GCF), Dhuseri Community Forest (DCF) and Bhedawari Community Forest (BCF) showed poor regeneration status. Key words: Community forest; Forest composition; Fuelwood harvest; Regeneration. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3826 Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.53-58

Multi-level Environmental Governance: lessons from Australian natural resource management

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lockwood ◽  
Julie Davidson ◽  
Allan Curtis ◽  
Elaine Stratford ◽  
Rod Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Multi Level

Through the Lens of Accountability: Analyzing Legitimacy in Environmental Governance

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Kraft ◽  
Steven Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Governance Arrangements

Environmental governance implies creation of novel interdependencies among actors and actions, and this innovation and diversity presents challenges. One of these challenges is the maintenance of legitimacy. To understand processes of legitimation at the level of individual organizations and at the level of the larger assemblages represented by governance arrangements, we develop a conceptual framework that analyzes accountability relationships. Within this framework, we use artifacts of accountability, material representations of accountability relationships, to understand the creation, maintenance, and erosion of legitimacy. We study the creation and administration of a multifunctional forested landscape in New Hampshire, USA. Empirical assessment of the varied institutional logics that structure and contribute to legitimacy in this material and organizational landscape allows us to advance understanding of persistence, change, and failure of environmental governance arrangements.

scholarly journals Soil Governance: Accessing Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tanya Marjoram Howard ◽  
Andrew Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Shared Governance ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Governance Regime ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Complexity Theories ◽  
Management Issues

Soil provides the foundation for agricultural and environmental systems, and are subject to a complex governance regime of property rights and secondary impacts from industry and domestic land use. Complex natural resource management issues require approaches to governance that acknowledge uncertainty and complexity. Theories of next generation environmental governance assume that inclusion of diverse perspectives will improve reform directions and encourage behaviour change. This paper reports on a qualitative survey of an international workshop that brought together cross-disciplinary perspectives to address the challenges of soil governance. Results reveal the challenges of communicating effectively across disciplines. The findings suggest that strategies for improved soils governance must focus on increasing communications with community stakeholders and engaging land managers in designing shared governance regimes. The need for more conscious articulation of the challenges of cross-disciplinary environments is discussed and strategies for increasing research collaboration in soils governance are suggested. The identified need for more systematic approaches to cross-disciplinary learning, including reporting back of cross-disciplinary initiatives to help practitioners learn from past experience, forms part of the rationale for this paper.

scholarly journals Community forests in Canada: An overview

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Duinker ◽  
Patrick W. Matakala ◽  
Florence Chege ◽  
Luc Bouthillier
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Social Forestry ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Community Values

A great deal of attention is being given in Canada at present to the idea of community forest. This is occurring at a time of unprecedented attention to forest management on one hand, and to community empowerment on the other. We conceive of a community forest as a tree-dominated ecosystem managed for multiple community values and benefits by the community.We review the literature and present examples of community forests in Europe and the United States. For Canada, we present an overview of community forest initiatives, policy developments, and research projects. For communities contemplating the concept of community forest, we present a series of considerations that need to be made early on: (a) landbase; (b) range of resources involved; (c) property rights and tenure options; (d) models of administration; (e) decision-making; (f) public participation; and (g) financing.The apparent growing interest in community forests in Canada has opened an exciting and challenging frontier for forest interests. We are convinced that Canada's future will be characterized by increases in people's demands for community forests, and by more experiments and trials to test a variety of manifestations of the concept. Learning from both successes and failures is vital. Key words: community, forest, community forest, community forestry, social forestry, Canada, forest management

It’s about Time: Adaptive Resource Management, Environmental Governance, and Science Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Adaptive Resource Management ◽  
Adaptive Resource

This article examines adaptive resource management (ARM) as it has been applied to the US horseshoe crab fishery over the past decade. As a critical yet constructive exercise, I have three goals: to suggest how adaptive management, for all its promise, can still be improved; to add a nuanced case study to the literatures on the quantification of nature and environmental decision-making; and to use the example of ARM to make certain temporal aspects of contemporary natural resource management more salient to science and technology studies scholars—that is, to show the ways in which time matters in environmental science, policy, and the analysis thereof. I draw attention to the time-related aspects of adaptive management by developing the notions of temporal orientation and chronological accountability. Temporal orientation refers to the time-based perspectives and epistemological commitments—that is, past-facing empiricism versus future-oriented modeling—that scientists of different types bring to bear on environmental problems. Chronological accountability refers to the missing link in adaptive forms of environmental governance: firm time lines and commitments to reflexively revisit management decisions. The time-related aspects of natural resource management deserve greater attention among both environmental managers and analysts of environmental policy.

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