Techno-economic modeling of biomass gasification plants for small industries in Pakistan

AbstractBiological methanation (biomethanation) of syngas obtained from biomass gasification offers the opportunity to employ a low-pressure, low-temperature process to produce storable bio-derived substitute natural gas (bSNG), although its economic viability is limited by high energy and biomass costs. Research on syngas biomethanation techno-economic performance is limited and novel biomass-to-biomethane process configurations are required in order to assess opportunities for the enhancement of its efficiency and economic feasibility. In this study, we carried out the techno-economic modeling of two processes comprising integrated biomass gasification, electrolysis, and syngas biomethanation with combined heat and power recovery in order to assess and compare their fuel yields, energy efficiency, carbon efficiency, and bSNG minimum selling price (MSP). The first process operates standalone biomethanation (SAB) of syngas and can produce approximately 38,000 Nm3 of bSNG per day, with a total plant efficiency of 50.6%. The second process (integrated biomethane-biomethanol, IBB) exploits the unconverted carbon stream from the biomethanation process to recover energy and synthesize methanol via direct catalytic CO2 hydrogenation. In addition to the same bSNG output, the IBB process can produce 10 t/day of biomethanol, at a 99% purity. The IBB process shows little global energy efficiency gains in comparison with SAB (51.7%) due to the large increase in electrolytic hydrogen demand, but it shows a substantial improvement in biomass-to-fuel carbon efficiency (33 vs. 26%). The SAB and IBB processes generate a bSNG MSP of 2.38 €/Nm3 and 3.68 €/Nm3, respectively. Hydrogenation of unconverted carbon in biomass-to-biomethane processes comes with high additional capital and operating costs due to the large-scale electrolysis plants required. Consequently, in both processes, the market price gap of the bSNG produced is 0.13 €/kWhbSNG (SAB) and 0.25 €/kWhbSNG (IBB) even under the most optimistic cost scenarios considered, and it is primarily influenced by the cost of surplus electricity utilized in electrolysis, while the selling price of biomethanol exerts a very limited influence on process economics. Intensive subsidization would be required in order to sustain the decentralized production of bSNG through both processes. Despite their limited economic competitiveness, both processes have a size comparable with existing renewable gas production plants in terms of bSNG production capacity and the IBB process is of a size adequate for the supply of biomethanol to a decentralized biorenewable supply chain.

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Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Food Industries in Florida in 2015

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fe1020-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Alan W. Hodges ◽

Mohammad Rahmani ◽

Christa D. Court

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Economic Modeling ◽

Labor Income ◽

Food Industries ◽

Business Taxes ◽

Commodity Production ◽

Industry Output ◽

Property Income ◽

Broad Array ◽

Industry Sectors

This analysis was conducted using the Implan regional economic modeling system and associated state and county databases (IMPLAN Group LLC) to estimate economic multipliers and contributions for over 500 different industry sectors. Multipliers capture the indirect and induced economic activity generated by re-spending of income or sales revenues in a regional economy. A collection of 121 industry sectors were included in the analysis to represent the broad array of activities encompassed by agricultural and natural-resource commodity production, manufacturing, distribution and supporting services in Florida. Economic contributions can be measured in terms of employment, industry output, value added, exports, labor income, other property income, and business taxes. A glossary of economic terms used in this report is provided following this summary.

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Mathematical Formalism and Political-Economic Content

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2012-7-82-95 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 82-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Foley

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Statistical Methods ◽

Complex Adaptive System ◽

Economic Modeling ◽

Qualitative Properties ◽

Mathematical Methods ◽

Econometric Methods ◽

Statistical Fluctuations ◽

Complex Adaptive ◽

New Thinking

Mathematical methods are only one moment in a layered process of theory generation in political economy, which starts from Schumpeterian vision, progresses to the identification of relevant abstractions, the development of mathematical and quantitative models, and the confrontation of theories with empirical data through statistical methods. But today the relevant abstract problems of political economy are modified to fit available mathematical tools. The role of empirical research in disciplining theoretical speculation, on which the scientific traditions integrity rests, was undermined by specific limitations of nascent econometric methods, and usurped by ex cathedra methodological fiats of theorists. These developmentssystematically favored certain ideological predispositions of economicsas a discipline. There is abundant room for New Thinking in political economy starting from the vision of the capitalist economy as a complex, adaptive system far from equilibrium, including the development of the theory of statistical fluctuations for economic interactions, redirection of macroeconomics and financial economics from path prediction toward an understanding of the qualitative properties of the system, introduction of constructive and computable methods into economic modeling, and the critical reconstruction of econometric statistical methods.

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Empirical analysis of market boundaries in telecommunications

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2019-9-90-111 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 90-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natalia S. Pavlova ◽

Andrey Е. Shastitko

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Mass Distribution ◽

End Users ◽

Economic Modeling ◽

Empirical Approach ◽

Antitrust Law ◽

Technological Changes ◽

Loss Analysis ◽

E Mail

The article deals with the problem of determining market boundaries for antitrust law enforcement in the field of telecommunications. An empirical approach has been proposed for determining the product boundaries of the market in the area of mass distribution of messages, taking into account the comparative characteristics of the types and methods of notification (informing) of end users; the possibilities of switching from one way of informing to another, including the evolution of such opportunities under the influence of technological changes; switching between different notification methods. Based on the use of surveys of customers of sending SMS messages, it is shown that the product boundaries should include not only sending messages via SMS, but also e-mail, instant messengers, Push notifications and voice information. The paper illustrates the possibilities of applying the method of critical loss analysis to determining the boundaries of markets based on a mixture of surveys and economic modeling.

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Economic modeling and empirical approach to address the issues of optimizing a correlation of available resources for national defense and economic growth

National Interests Priorities and Security ◽

10.24891/ni.13.1.59 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 59-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V.L. Gladyshevskii ◽

◽

E.V. Gorgola ◽

V.V. Lysenko ◽

E.E. Mityakova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Modeling ◽

Empirical Approach ◽

National Defense ◽

Available Resources

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The concept of motivation for effective credit risk management

Finance and Credit ◽

10.24891/fc.26.11.2567 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 2567-2593

Author(s):

M.V. Pomazanov

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Economic Modeling ◽

Type I ◽

Credit Risk Management ◽

Curve Modeling ◽

Business Functions ◽

The Common ◽

Lending Decisions ◽

The One

Subject. The study addresses the improvement of risk management efficiency and the quality of lending decisions made by banks. Objectives. The aim is to present the bank management with a fair algorithm for risk management motivation on the one hand, and the credit management (business) on the other hand. Within the framework of the common goal to maximize risk-adjusted income from loans, this algorithm will provide guidelines for ‘risk management’ and ‘business’ functions on how to improve individual and overall efficiency. Methods. The study employs the discriminant analysis, type I and II errors, Lorentz curve modeling, statistical analysis, economic modeling. Results. The paper offers a mechanism for assessing the quality of risk management decisions as opposed to (or in support of) decisions of the lending business when approving transactions. The mechanism rests on the approach of stating type I and II errors and the corresponding classical metric of the Gini coefficient. On the ‘business’ side, the mechanism monitors the improvement or deterioration of the indicator of changes in losses in comparison with the market average. Conclusions. The study substantiates the stimulating ‘rules of the game’ between the ‘business’ and ‘risk management’ to improve the efficiency of the entire business, to optimize interactions within the framework of internal competition. It presents mathematical tools to calculate corresponding indicators of the efficiency of internally competing entities.

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