The Xenopus Embryo: An Ideal Model System to Study Human Ciliopathies

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Schweickert ◽  
Kerstin Feistel
1995 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Sue Renzaglia ◽  
Thomas R. Warne

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Rigoni ◽  
Samuele Negro

The peripheral nervous system has retained through evolution the capacity to repair and regenerate after assault from a variety of physical, chemical, or biological pathogens. Regeneration relies on the intrinsic abilities of peripheral neurons and on a permissive environment, and it is driven by an intense interplay among neurons, the glia, muscles, the basal lamina, and the immune system. Indeed, extrinsic signals from the milieu of the injury site superimpose on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to modulate cell intrinsic programs. Here, we will review the main intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms allowing severed peripheral axons to re-grow, and discuss some alarm mediators and pro-regenerative molecules and pathways involved in the process, highlighting the role of Schwann cells as central hubs coordinating multiple signals. A particular focus will be provided on regeneration at the neuromuscular junction, an ideal model system whose manipulation can contribute to the identification of crucial mediators of nerve re-growth. A brief overview on regeneration at sensory terminals is also included.


2009 ◽  
Vol 238 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Blum ◽  
Tina Beyer ◽  
Thomas Weber ◽  
Philipp Vick ◽  
Philipp Andre ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Logan ◽  
Marc R. Freeman

AbstractGlial cells provide support and protection for neurons in the embryonic and adult brain, mediated in part through the phagocytic activity of glia. Glial cells engulf apoptotic cells and pruned neurites from the developing nervous system, and also clear degenerating neuronal debris from the adult brain after neural trauma. Studies indicate that Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model system to elucidate the mechanisms of engulfment by glia. The recent studies reviewed here show that many features of glial engulfment are conserved across species and argue that work in Drosophila will provide valuable cellular and molecular insight into glial engulfment activity in mammals.


2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (46) ◽  
pp. 6094-6097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Bai ◽  
Xijun Wang ◽  
Canyu Hu ◽  
Maolin Xie ◽  
Jun Jiang ◽  
...  

Two-dimensional g-C3N4 nanosheets with few-layer thickness, ensuring equivalent charge migrations to various Pd facets, provide an ideal model system for examining the facet selectivity of Pd co-catalysts.


2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1829) ◽  
pp. 20160446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain P. Boisseau ◽  
David Vogel ◽  
Audrey Dussutour

Learning, defined as a change in behaviour evoked by experience, has hitherto been investigated almost exclusively in multicellular neural organisms. Evidence for learning in non-neural multicellular organisms is scant, and only a few unequivocal reports of learning have been described in single-celled organisms. Here we demonstrate habituation, an unmistakable form of learning, in the non-neural organism Physarum polycephalum . In our experiment, using chemotaxis as the behavioural output and quinine or caffeine as the stimulus, we showed that P. polycephalum learnt to ignore quinine or caffeine when the stimuli were repeated, but responded again when the stimulus was withheld for a certain time. Our results meet the principle criteria that have been used to demonstrate habituation: responsiveness decline and spontaneous recovery. To distinguish habituation from sensory adaptation or motor fatigue, we also show stimulus specificity. Our results point to the diversity of organisms lacking neurons, which likely display a hitherto unrecognized capacity for learning, and suggest that slime moulds may be an ideal model system in which to investigate fundamental mechanisms underlying learning processes. Besides, documenting learning in non-neural organisms such as slime moulds is centrally important to a comprehensive, phylogenetic understanding of when and where in the tree of life the earliest manifestations of learning evolved.


1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Chapman ◽  
G. A. Reid ◽  
C. Bell ◽  
D. Short ◽  
S. Daff

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document