Cancer care in the USA presents substantial economic burden for patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 891 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Substantial Economic Burden

scholarly journals Economic burden of childhood diarrhea in Burundi

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulgence Niyibitegeka ◽  
Arthorn Riewpaiboon ◽  
Sitaporn Youngkong ◽  
Montarat Thavorncharoensap
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Substantial Economic Burden

Abstract Background In 2016, diarrhea killed around 7 children aged under 5 years per 1000 live births in Burundi. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden associated with diarrhea in Burundi and to examine factors affecting the cost to provide economic evidence useful for the policymaking about clinical management of diarrhea. Methods The study was designed as a prospective cost-of-illness study using an incidence-based approach from the societal perspective. The study included patients aged under 5 years with acute non-bloody diarrhea who visited Buyenzi health center and Prince Regent Charles hospital from November to December 2019. Data were collected through interviews with patients’ caregivers and review of patients’ medical and financial records. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors affecting cost, and a cost model was used to generate predictions of various clinical and care management costs. All costs were converted into international dollars for the year 2019. Results One hundred thirty-eight patients with an average age of 14.45 months were included in this study. Twenty-one percent of the total patients included were admitted. The average total cost per episode of diarrhea was Int$109.01. Outpatient visit and hospitalization costs per episode of diarrhea were Int$59.87 and Int$292, respectively. The costs were significantly affected by the health facility type, patient type, health insurance scheme, complications with dehydration, and duration of the episode before consultation. Our model indicates that the prevention of one case of dehydration results in savings of Int$16.81, accounting for approximately 11 times of the primary treatment cost of one case of diarrhea in the community-based management program for diarrhea in Burundi. Conclusion Diarrhea is associated with a substantial economic burden to society. Evidence from this study provides useful information to support health interventions aimed at prevention of diarrhea and dehydration related to diarrhea in Burundi. Appropriate and timely care provided to patients with diarrhea in their communities and primary health centers can significantly reduce the economic burden of diarrhea. Implementing a health policy to provide inexpensive treatment to prevent dehydration can save significant amount of health expenditure.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Clynes ◽  
Nicholas C Harvey ◽  
Elizabeth M Curtis ◽  
Nicholas R Fuggle ◽  
Elaine M Dennison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Osteoporosis Screening ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Receive Treatment

Abstract Introduction With a worldwide ageing population, the importance of the prevention and management of osteoporotic fragility fractures is increasing over time. In this review, we discuss in detail the epidemiology of fragility fractures, how this is shaped by pharmacological interventions and how novel screening programmes can reduce the clinical and economic burden of osteoporotic fractures. Sources of data PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using various combinations of the keywords ‘osteoporosis’, ‘epidemiology’, ‘fracture’, ‘screening’, `FRAX’ and ‘SCOOP’. Areas of agreement The economic burden of osteoporosis-related fracture is significant, costing approximately $17.9 and £4 billion per annum in the USA and UK. Areas of controversy Risk calculators such as the web-based FRAX® algorithm have enabled assessment of an individual’s fracture risk using clinical risk factors, with only partial consideration of bone mineral density (BMD). Growing points As with all new interventions, we await the results of long-term use of osteoporosis screening algorithms and how these can be refined and incorporated into clinical practice. Areas timely for developing research Despite advances in osteoporosis screening, a minority of men and women at high fracture risk worldwide receive treatment. The economic and societal burden caused by osteoporosis is a clear motivation for improving the screening and management of osteoporosis worldwide.

scholarly journals Financial burden of HIV and TB among patients in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e036892
Author(s):  
Lelisa Fekadu Assebe ◽  
Eyerusalem Kebede Negussie ◽  
Abdulrahman Jbaily ◽  
Mieraf Taddesse Taddesse Tolla ◽  
Kjell Arne Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Substantial Economic Burden

ObjectivesHIV and tuberculosis (TB) are major global health threats and can result in household financial hardships. Here, we aim to estimate the household economic burden and the incidence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) incurred by HIV and TB care across income quintiles in Ethiopia.DesignA cross-sectional survey.Setting27 health facilities in Afar and Oromia regions for TB, and nationwide household survey for HIV.ParticipantsA total of 1006 and 787 individuals seeking HIV and TB care were enrolled, respectively.Outcome measuresThe economic burden (ie, direct and indirect cost) of HIV and TB care was estimated. In addition, the CHE incidence and intensity were determined using direct costs exceeding 10% of the household income threshold.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of HIV and TB patient was 40 (10), and 30 (14) years, respectively. The mean (SD) patient cost of HIV was $78 ($170) per year and $115 ($118) per TB episode. Out of the total cost, the direct cost of HIV and TB constituted 69% and 46%, respectively. The mean (SD) indirect cost was $24 ($66) per year for HIV and $63 ($83) per TB episode. The incidence of CHE for HIV was 20%; ranges from 43% in the poorest to 4% in the richest income quintile (p<0.001). Similarly, for TB, the CHE incidence was 40% and ranged between 58% and 20% among the poorest and richest income quintiles, respectively (p<0.001). This figure was higher for drug-resistant TB (62%).ConclusionsHIV and TB are causes of substantial economic burden and CHE, inequitably, affecting those in the poorest income quintile. Broadening the health policies to encompass interventions that reduce the high cost of HIV and TB care, particularly for the poor, is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic, humanistic and economic burden of hepatocellular carcinoma in the USA: a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. HEP27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalla Aly ◽  
Sarah Ronnebaum ◽  
Dipen Patel ◽  
Yunes Doleh ◽  
Fernando Benavente
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Humanistic Burden

Aim: To describe the epidemiologic, humanistic and economic burdens of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the USA. Materials & methods: Studies describing the epidemiology and economic burden from national cohorts, any economic models, or any humanistic burden studies published 2008–2018 were systematically searched. Results: HCC incidence was 9.5 per 100,000 person-years in most recent data, but was ∼100-times higher among patients with hepatitis/cirrhosis. Approximately a third of patients were diagnosed with advanced disease. Patients with HCC experienced poor quality of life. Direct costs were substantial and varied based on underlying demographics, disease stage and treatment received. Between 25–77% of patients did not receive surgical, locoregional or systemic treatment. Conclusion: Better treatments are needed to extend survival and improve quality of life for patients with HCC.

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