Unequal Cumulative Incidence and Mortality Outcome in Childhood Brain and Central Nervous System Malignancy in the USA

Abstract Background For cancer patients, rates of influenza-associated hospitalization and death are 4 times greater than that of the general population. Previously, we reported reduced immunogenicity to the standard-dose influenza vaccine in patients with central nervous system malignancy. In other poorly responding populations (eg, elderly patients), high-dose vaccination has improved efficacy and immunogenicity. Methods A prospective cohort study was designed to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Fluzone® high-dose influenza vaccine in brain tumor patients. Data on diagnosis, active oncologic treatment, and immunologic status (eg, CD4 count, CD8 count, CD4:CD8 ratio) were collected. All patients received the high-dose vaccine (180 µg). Hemagglutination inhibition titers were measured at baseline, day 28, and 3 months following vaccination to determine seroconversion (≥4-fold rise) and seroprotection (titer ≥1:40), which were compared to our prior results. Results Twenty-seven patients enrolled. Diagnoses included high-grade glioma (85%), CNS lymphoma (11%), and meningioma (4%). Treatment at enrollment included glucocorticoids (n = 8, 30%), radiation (n = 2, 7%), and chemotherapy (n = 9, 33%). Posttreatment lymphopenia (PTL, CD4 ≤ 200) was observed in 4 patients (15%). High-dose vaccination was well tolerated with no grade III-IV toxicity. Overall, seroconversion rates for the A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B vaccine strains were significantly higher than in our prior study: 65% vs 37%, 69% vs 23%, and 50% vs 23%, respectively (all P < .04). Seroconversion was universally poor in patients with PTL. While seroprotection at 3 months declined in our prior study, no drop was observed following high-dose vaccination in this cohort. Conclusions The immunologic response to HD influenza vaccination was higher in this cohort than standard-dose influenza vaccination in our prior report. These findings mirror those in elderly patients where high-dose vaccination is the standard of care and raise the possibility of an immunosenescence phenotype.

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Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation from Donors With Central Nervous System Malignancy: Inonu Experience

Northern Clinics of Istanbul ◽

10.14744/nci.2017.74436 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Volkan Ince

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Liver Transplantation ◽

Nervous System ◽

Deceased Donor ◽

Donor Liver ◽

Donor Liver Transplantation ◽

Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation ◽

Central Nervous System Malignancy

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Pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of central nervous system malignancy

The Role of Pharmacology in Pediatric Oncology ◽

10.1007/978-94-009-4267-7_9 ◽

1987 ◽

pp. 137-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David G. Poplack ◽

Riccardo Riccardi

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Central Nervous System Malignancy

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Screening for Cerebral Metastases with FDG PET in Patients Undergoing Whole-Body Staging of Non–Central Nervous System Malignancy

Radiology ◽

10.1148/radiol.2261010920 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 226 (1) ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Eric M. Rohren ◽

James M. Provenzale ◽

Daniel P. Barboriak ◽

R. Edward Coleman

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Cerebral Metastases ◽

Whole Body ◽

Central Nervous System Malignancy

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ANZCCSG BabyBrain99; intensified systemic chemotherapy, second look surgery and involved field radiation in young children with central nervous system malignancy

Pediatric Blood & Cancer ◽

10.1002/pbc.22942 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 1055-1061 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pratiti Bandopadhayay ◽

Timothy E. Hassall ◽

Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld ◽

Greg C. Wheeler ◽

Peter A. Downie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Young Children ◽

Systemic Chemotherapy ◽

Second Look ◽

Central Nervous System Malignancy ◽

Field Radiation ◽

Involved Field

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Hematological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in the early stage: association with other symptoms of the disease and possible prognostic value

Rheumatology Science and Practice ◽

10.14412/1995-4484-2019-166-170 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 166-170

Author(s):

A. V. Petrov ◽

V. A. Beloglazov ◽

D. V. Shadyro ◽

A. R. Gafarova ◽

A. A. Petrov

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Cumulative Incidence ◽

Early Stage ◽

Damage Index ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Hematological Manifestations

Objective: to assess the relationship between hematological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the early stage of the disease and development of other syndromes and symptoms of the disease, as well as the nature and severity of internal organs damage during the subsequent five-year period.Subjects and methods. The analysis of data of examination of 89 patients with SLE during the five-year period was carried out. The frequency of clinical manifestations of SLE, the level of antinuclear and antiphospholipid antibodies, SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI) depending on the presence of hematological manifestations of SLE in the onset of the disease including leukopenia (LP), thrombocytopenia (TP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AGA) were studied.Results and discussion. In the onset of SLE LP was observed in 21.3%, TP – in 26.9%, AGA – in 8.9% of patients. The presence of LP was associated with an increase of antibodies to SSA frequency, and TP – with more frequent detection of antibodies to Ro-52, cardiolipin and β-2-glycoprotein (p<0.05). Patients with TP in the onset of SLE compared with patients without hematological manifestations, had an increase (p<0.05) of the cumulative incidence of nephritis (83.3 and 42.9%), central nervous system lesions (70.8 and 26.5%), vasculitis (45.8 and 10.2%) and Libman-Sachs endocarditis (20.8 and 6.1%, respectively), which was accompanied by an increase of SDI values (median was 2.09 [2, 1.82; 2.21] and 1.12 [0.81; 1.32], p<0.05). In patients with LP, the cumulative incidence of pneumonitis and Sjogren's syndrome was increased in the onset of SLE compared with patients without hematological manifestations (15.8 vs 6.1% and 15.7 vs 2.0%, respectively, p<0.05).Conclusion. Presence of TP in the onset of SLE is a predictor of kidneys, central nervous system, peripheral vessels and heart valves damage during the next 5 years.

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EPID-23. A SYSTEMIC REVIEW OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS IN AFRICA FROM 1960 – 2017 AND THE NEED FOR A CENTRAL BRAIN TUMOR REGISTRY IN AFRICA

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii83-ii83

Author(s):

Marilyn Mbi Feh ◽

Ankita Brahmaroutu ◽

Kristopher Lyon ◽

Ekokobe Fonkem

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Brain Tumor ◽

Large Population ◽

Cns Tumors ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Tumor Registry ◽

Total Incidence ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Central Brain

Abstract PURPOSE Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors pose a substantial health problem. Although data on specific time periods and regions of Africa has been previously reported, no study has yet to provide a systemic review on the frequency of CNS tumors for the entire continent of Africa. This study aims to analyze the frequency of CNS tumors in Africa from 1960 to 2017. METHODS A comprehensive literature search on CNS tumors in Africa was performed using multiple online scientific databases. The following keywords were queried in combination with the phrase “CNS tumors in Africa”: incidence, frequency, epidemiology, prevalence, brain, and cancer. A total of 26 articles met the inclusion criteria. Each selected article reported incidence and mortality rates from different regions of Africa between 1960 to 2017. SPSS21 statistical software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Nigeria, Egypt, and Uganda were found to have the highest incidence of CNS tumors in Africa. Total incidence was 5902, the majority were males, 3190 with mean rate 122.67 (95% CI: 29.27, 216.07) compared to females, 2501 with a mean rate of 96.19 (95% CI: 26.24, 166.15). The most common CNS tumors found were astrocytoma (24.70%), meningioma (22.22%), pituitary adenoma (8.4%), medulloblastoma (4.26%), craniopharyngioma (4.07%), and other not specified (25.17%). CONCLUSION Given the large population of Africa, the reported total incidence may be underestimated when compared to other continents due to the lack of a central brain tumor registry in Africa. Comprehensive knowledge of CNS tumors in Africa is critical to research and the entire healthcare system.

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Scoring of sleep stages, breathing, and arousals

10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Marco De Los Santos ◽

Max Hirshkowitz

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

American Academy ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Sleep Medicine ◽

General Information ◽

Sleep Stages ◽

Respiratory Effort ◽

The Usa ◽

Summary Data

This chapter summarizes scoring guidelines for sleep stages, breathing (airflow and respiratory effort), and arousals based on the principles enumerated by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Current established clinical standards are largely based on those published by the AASM and rules implemented by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services in the USA. These rules include scoring of rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep stages, central nervous system (CNS) arousals, and breathing events. Other clinically relevant polysomnographic events exist (eg, limb movements, bruxism, and electrocardiographic events) but such events are beyond the scope of this chapter. The material presented in this chapter can serve as a framework to provide general information to patients and clinicians about methods of performing the tests and gathering summary data.

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