Associations of blood glucose dynamics with antihyperglycemic treatment and glycemic variability in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-D. Kohnert ◽  
P. Heinke ◽  
L. Vogt ◽  
P. Augstein ◽  
A. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Glucose Dynamics

scholarly journals Frequency and Predictors of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia in Insulin-Treated Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Malkani ◽  
Anupam Kotwal
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk

Aims. Hypoglycemia is a limiting factor for achieving stringent glycemic control in diabetes. This study analyzes the frequency and predictors of hypoglycemia in insulin-treated diabetes in an ambulatory setting. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed to study self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) data for 3 months prior to a patient’s HbA1c test. Results. Hypoglycemia occurred more frequently in type 1 than in type 2 diabetes; however, 19% of type 2 diabetes patients did experience at least one episode of severe hypoglycemia. For type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemia had a positive association with glycemic variability and duration of diabetes and a negative association with HbA1c and lowest blood glucose (BG). For type 2 diabetes, a positive association was noted with glycemic variability and a negative association with age and lowest BG. Conclusions. Delineating factors predisposing to hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes is difficult. Lower HbA1c is a potential predictor of hypoglycemia in type 1 but not in type 2 diabetes. Longer duration of diabetes for type 1 and younger age for type 2 are associated with more hypoglycemia. Glycemic variability portends increased risk for hypoglycemia and should be a focus of further research.

An Approach to diabetic ketoacidosis in an emergency setting.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Pitocco ◽  
Mauro Di Leo ◽  
Linda Tartaglione ◽  
Emanuele Gaetano Rizzo ◽  
Salvatore Caputo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Complication ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Online Activity

Background: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most commonly encountered diabetic complication emergencies. It typically affects people with type 1 diabetes at the onset of the disease. It can also affect people with type 2 diabetes, although this is uncommon. Methods: Research and online content related to diabetes online activity is reviewed. DKA is caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and elevated levels of counter regulatory hormones. Results: Goals of therapy are to correct dehydration, acidosis and to reverse ketosis, gradually restoring blood glucose concentration to near normal. Conclusion: Furthermore it is essential to monitor potential complications of DKA and if necessary, to treat them and any precipitating events.

scholarly journals Glycemic variability and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002032
Author(s):  
Marcela Martinez ◽  
Jimena Santamarina ◽  
Adrian Pavesi ◽  
Carla Musso ◽  
Guillermo E Umpierrez
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Glycated hemoglobin is currently the gold standard for assessment of long-term glycemic control and response to medical treatment in patients with diabetes. Glycated hemoglobin, however, does not address fluctuations in blood glucose. Glycemic variability (GV) refers to fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Recent clinical data indicate that GV is associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia, microvascular and macrovascular complications, and mortality in patients with diabetes, independently of glycated hemoglobin level. The use of continuous glucose monitoring devices has markedly improved the assessment of GV in clinical practice and facilitated the assessment of GV as well as hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia events in patients with diabetes. We review current concepts on the definition and assessment of GV and its association with cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Konjac and Inulin Extracts on Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tianle Gao ◽  
Yue Jiao ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Zhiguo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Group A

Objective. The present study was designed to determine whether konjac and inulin extracts or their combination, konjac-inulin (KI) composition, as diet supplementary, can exert beneficial effects against type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes using animal models. Methods. A total of 60 diabetic (type 1) rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ) were randomly assigned to five groups: vehicle control (STZ group), KI combination at low dose group (KI-L group), KI combination at medium dose group (KI-M group), KI combination at high dose group (KI-H group), konjac extract group (konjac group), and inulin extract group (inulin group). A sham group (without STZ) was also included. Levels of blood glucose were monitored at each week. After continuous treatment of each diet for 24 days, a glucose tolerance test was performed. After 28 days of treatment, plasma biochemical indicators including glycated serum proteins, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured and immunohistochemistry staining of the rat pancreas was performed, to study the insulin expressions. Type 2 diabetes was developed in db/db mice. A total of 28 db/db mice were divided into 4 groups: vehicle control (db/db group), KI composition group (KI group), konjac extract group (konjac group), and inulin extract group (inulin group). A wild-type control group (wild-type group) for db/db mice was also included. Levels of blood glucose, body weight, and blood triglycerides were monitored at each week. Results. Daily use of the KI composition significantly decreased levels of blood glucose and blood triglycerides, as well as improved the insulin production in islets or reduced development of obesity in STZ-induced diabetic rats or in db/db mice. Such effects from KI composition were better than single ingredient of konjac or inulin extract. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that daily use of KI composition has a protective role on type 1 and 2 diabetes and provided experimental basis for further development of KI composition as a food supplement for diabetic or diabetic high-risk population.

Understanding Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Among Individuals With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Fisher ◽  
Taylor Kohut ◽  
Holly Schachner ◽  
Patricia Stenger
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Self Monitoring

Advantages and Disadvantages of Realtime Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People with Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Susan Walker ◽  
Stephanie J Fonda ◽  
Sara Salkind ◽  
Robert A Vigersky ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Previous research has shown that realtime continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) is a useful clinical and lifestyle aid for people with type 1 diabetes. However, its usefulness and efficacy for people with type 2 diabetes is less known and potentially controversial, given the continuing controversy over the efficacy of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in this cohort. This article reviews theextantliterature on RT-CGM for people with type 2 diabetes, and enumerates several of the advantages and disadvantages of this technology from the perspective of providers and patients. Even patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin and/or are relatively well controlled on oral medications have been shown to spend a significant amount of time each day in hyperglycemia. Additional tools beyond SMBG are necessary to enable providers and patients to clearly grasp and manage the frequency and amplitude of glucose excursions in people with type 2 diabetes who are not on insulin. While SMBG is useful for measuring blood glucose levels, patients do not regularly check and SMBG does not enable many to adequately manage blood glucose levels or capture marked and sustained hyperglycemic excursions. RT-CGM systems, valuable diabetes management tools for people with type 1 diabetes or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, have recently been used in type 2 diabetes patients. Theextantstudies, although few, have demonstrated that the use of RT-CGM has empowered people with type 2 diabetes to improve their glycemic control by making and sustaining healthy lifestyle choices.

Assessment of the association between glycemic variability and diabetes-related complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Smith-Palmer ◽  
M. Brändle ◽  
R. Trevisan ◽  
M. Orsini Federici ◽  
S. Liabat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Variability
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