scholarly journals Sounding It Out: Auditory Stimulation and Overnight Memory Processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus O. Harrington ◽  
Scott A. Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Eeg Recordings

Abstract Purpose of Review Auditory stimulation is a technique that can enhance neural oscillations linked to overnight memory consolidation. In this review, we evaluate the impacts of auditory stimulation on the neural oscillations of sleep and associated memory processes in a variety of populations. Recent Findings Cortical EEG recordings of slow-wave sleep (SWS) are characterised by two cardinal oscillations: slow oscillations (SOs) and sleep spindles. Auditory stimulation delivered in SWS enhances SOs and phase-coupled spindle activity in healthy children and adults, children with ADHD, adults with mild cognitive impairment and patients with major depression. Under certain conditions, auditory stimulation bolsters the benefits of SWS for memory consolidation, although further work is required to fully understand the factors affecting stimulation-related memory gains. Recent work has turned to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, demonstrating that auditory stimulation can be used to manipulate REM sleep theta oscillations. Summary Auditory stimulation enhances oscillations linked to overnight memory processing and shows promise as a technique for enhancing the memory benefits of sleep.

scholarly journals Slow Wave Sleep and REM Sleep Awakenings Do Not Affect Sleep Dependent Memory Consolidation

SLEEP ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Genzel ◽  
Martin Dresler ◽  
Renate Wehrle ◽  
Michael Grözinger ◽  
Axel Steiger
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep

M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonism Alters Sleep without Affecting Memory Consolidation

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1799-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Nissen ◽  
Ann E. Power ◽  
Eric A. Nofzinger ◽  
Bernd Feige ◽  
Ulrich Voderholzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Relevant Effect

Preclinical studies have implicated cholinergic neurotransmission, specifically M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activation, in sleep-associated memory consolidation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of administering the direct M1 mAChR agonist RS-86 on pre-post sleep memory consolidation. Twenty healthy human participants were tested in a declarative word-list task and a procedural mirror-tracing task. RS-86 significantly reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency and slow wave sleep (SWS) duration in comparison with placebo. Presleep acquisition and postsleep recall rates were within the expected ranges. However, recall rates in both tasks were almost identical for the RS-86 and placebo conditions. These results indicate that selective M1 mAChR activation in healthy humans has no clinically relevant effect on pre-post sleep consolidation of declarative or procedural memories at a dose that reduces REM sleep latency and SWS duration.

scholarly journals Sleep’s Role in Schema Learning and Creative Insights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Durrant ◽  
Jennifer M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Novel Associations

Abstract Purpose of Review A recent resurgence of interest in schema theory has influenced research on sleep-dependent memory consolidation and led to a new understanding of how schemata might be activated during sleep and play a role in the reorganisation of memories. This review is aimed at synthesising recent findings into a coherent narrative and draw overall conclusions. Recent Findings Rapid consolidation of schematic memories has been shown to benefit from an interval containing sleep. These memories have shown reduced reliance on the hippocampus following consolidation in both humans and rodents. Using a variety of methodologies, notably including the DRM paradigm, it has been shown that activation of a schema can increase the rate of false memory as a result of activation of semantic associates during slow wave sleep (SWS). Memories making use of a schema have shown increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, which may reflect both the schematic activation itself and a cognitive control component selecting an appropriate schema to use. SWS seems to be involved in assimilation of new memories within existing semantic frameworks and in making memories more explicit, while REM sleep may be more associated with creating entirely novel associations while keeping memories implicit. Summary Sleep plays an important role in schematic memory consolidation, with more rapid consolidation, reduced hippocampal involvement, and increased prefrontal involvement as the key characteristics. Both SWS and REM sleep may have a role to play.

scholarly journals Ongoing neural oscillations predict the post-stimulus outcome of closed loop auditory stimulation during slow-wave sleep.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Navarrete ◽  
Steven Arthur ◽  
Matthias Treder ◽  
Penny Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Spindle Activity ◽  
Spindle Dynamics ◽  
Insight Into

The large slow oscillation (SO, 0.5-2Hz) that characterises slow-wave sleep is crucial to memory consolidation and other physiological functions. Manipulating slow oscillations can enhance sleep and memory, as well as benefitting the immune system. Closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) has been demonstrated to increase the SO amplitude and to boost fast sleep spindle activity (11-16Hz). Nevertheless, not all such stimuli are effective in evoking SOs, even if they are precisely phase-locked. Here, we studied whether it is possible to use ongoing activity patterns to determine which oscillations to stimulate in order to effectively enhance SOs or SO-locked spindle activity. To this end, we trained classifiers using the morphological characteristics of the ongoing SO, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG), to predict whether stimulation would lead to a benefit in terms of the resulting SO and spindle amplitude. Separate classifiers were trained using trials from spontaneous control and stimulated datasets, and we evaluated their performance by applying them to held-out data both within and across conditions. We were able to predict both when large SOs will occur spontaneously, and whether a phase-locked auditory click will effectively enlarge them with an accuracy of ~70%. We were also able to predict when stimulation would elicit spindle activity with an accuracy of ~60%. Finally, we evaluate the importance of the various SO features used to make these predictions. Our results offer new insight into SO and spindle dynamics and provide a new method for online optimisation of stimulation.

Frequency- and Phase-Dependent Effects of Auditory Entrainment on Attentional Blink

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Kawashima ◽  
Shuka Shibusawa ◽  
Kaoru Amano
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Alpha Frequency

Attentional blink (AB) is the impaired detection of a second target (T2) after a first target has been identified. In this paper, we investigated the functional roles of alpha and theta oscillations on AB by determining how much preceding rhythmic auditory stimulation affected the performance of AB. Healthy young adults participated in the experiment online.　We found that when two targets were embedded in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of distractors at 10 Hz (i.e., alpha frequency), the magnitude of AB increased with auditory stimuli. The increase was limited to the case when the frequency and phase of auditory stimuli matched the following RSVP stream. On the contrary, when only two targets were presented without a distractor, auditory stimuli at theta, not alpha, increased the AB magnitude. These results indicate that neural oscillations at two different frequencies, namely alpha and theta, are both involved in attentional blink.

scholarly journals Theta-rhythmic drive between medial septum and hippocampus in slow-wave sleep and microarousal: a Granger causality analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 2797-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kang ◽  
M. Ding ◽  
I. Topchiy ◽  
L. Shifflett ◽  
B. Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Burst Firing ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Rhythmic Burst

Medial septum (MS) plays a critical role in controlling the electrical activity of the hippocampus (HIPP). In particular, theta-rhythmic burst firing of MS neurons is thought to drive lasting HIPP theta oscillations in rats during waking motor activity and REM sleep. Less is known about MS-HIPP interactions in nontheta states such as non-REM sleep, in which HIPP theta oscillations are absent but theta-rhythmic burst firing in subsets of MS neurons is preserved. The present study used Granger causality (GC) to examine the interaction patterns between MS and HIPP in slow-wave sleep (SWS, a nontheta state) and during its short interruptions called microarousals (a transient theta state). We found that during SWS, while GC revealed a unidirectional MS→HIPP influence over a wide frequency band (2–12 Hz, maximum: ∼8 Hz), there was no theta peak in the hippocampal power spectra, indicating a lack of theta activity in HIPP. In contrast, during microarousals, theta peaks were seen in both MS and HIPP power spectra and were accompanied by bidirectional GC with MS→HIPP and HIPP→MS theta drives being of equal magnitude. Thus GC in a nontheta state (SWS) vs. a theta state (microarousal) primarily differed in the level of HIPP→MS. The present findings suggest a modification of our understanding of the role of MS as the theta generator in two regards. First, a MS→HIPP theta drive does not necessarily induce theta field oscillations in the hippocampus, as found in SWS. Second, HIPP theta oscillations entail bidirectional theta-rhythmic interactions between MS and HIPP.

Slow wave sleep and REM sleep awakenings do not affect sleep dependent memory consolidation

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Genzel ◽  
M Dresler ◽  
R Wehrle ◽  
M Kluge ◽  
P Schüssler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep

scholarly journals About Sleep's Role in Memory

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 681-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Rasch ◽  
Jan Born
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of “sleep and memory” research by providing a historical perspective on concepts and a discussion of more recent key findings. Whereas initial theories posed a passive role for sleep enhancing memories by protecting them from interfering stimuli, current theories highlight an active role for sleep in which memories undergo a process of system consolidation during sleep. Whereas older research concentrated on the role of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, recent work has revealed the importance of slow-wave sleep (SWS) for memory consolidation and also enlightened some of the underlying electrophysiological, neurochemical, and genetic mechanisms, as well as developmental aspects in these processes. Specifically, newer findings characterize sleep as a brain state optimizing memory consolidation, in opposition to the waking brain being optimized for encoding of memories. Consolidation originates from reactivation of recently encoded neuronal memory representations, which occur during SWS and transform respective representations for integration into long-term memory. Ensuing REM sleep may stabilize transformed memories. While elaborated with respect to hippocampus-dependent memories, the concept of an active redistribution of memory representations from networks serving as temporary store into long-term stores might hold also for non-hippocampus-dependent memory, and even for nonneuronal, i.e., immunological memories, giving rise to the idea that the offline consolidation of memory during sleep represents a principle of long-term memory formation established in quite different physiological systems.

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