Flexible Ag Microparticle/MXene-Based Film for Energy Harvesting

AbstractUltra-thin flexible films have attracted wide attention because of their excellent ductility and potential versatility. In particular, the energy-harvesting films (EHFs) have become a research hotspot because of the indispensability of power source in various devices. However, the design and fabrication of such films that can capture or transform different types of energy from environments for multiple usages remains a challenge. Herein, the multifunctional flexible EHFs with effective electro-/photo-thermal abilities are proposed by successive spraying Ag microparticles and MXene suspension between on waterborne polyurethane films, supplemented by a hot-pressing. The optimal coherent film exhibits a high electrical conductivity (1.17×104 S m−1), excellent Joule heating performance (121.3 °C) at 2 V, and outstanding photo-thermal performance (66.2 °C within 70 s under 100 mW cm−1). In addition, the EHFs-based single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) give short-circuit transferred charge of 38.9 nC, open circuit voltage of 114.7 V, and short circuit current of 0.82 μA. More interestingly, the output voltage of TENG can be further increased via constructing the double triboelectrification layers. The comprehensive ability for harvesting various energies of the EHFs promises their potential to satisfy the corresponding requirements.

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3D Ionic Networked Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Nano Channeled Triboelectric Nanogenerators

10.5772/intechopen.95324 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ravi Kumar Cheedarala

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Fiber Composite ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Oxidative Polymerization ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Power Generators ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerators ◽

Vertical Contact

The power demand is increasing day by day owing to the diminishing of fossil fuel reserves on the globe. To overcome the future energy crises, there is a strong need to fulfill the energy loophole by novel technologies such as triboelectric nanogenerators to harvest miniature resources from renewable natural resources. Here, I discussed the synthesis and fabrication of novel triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) using highly reproducible power generators as electropositive surfaces from the monomers of naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, benzdiene diamine, and sulfonated polyimide (Bno-Spi), and modified nonwoven carbon fibers (Wcf) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) as electronegative TENG electrodes, respectively. Here, novel double characteristic hydrophilic and hydrophobic nano-channels concerned with Bno-Spi films were proposed through contact electrification process through ion and electron transfer by an electron-donor-acceptor complex mechanism. The proposed Bno-Spi-TENG system High triboelectric open circuit voltage 75 V (Voc) and short circuit current 1 μA (Jsc) have been achieved from Bno-Spi-TENGs, in particular, and for SO3H.Bno-Spi-TENG at 6 Hz. Besides that, we used improved knitted woven carbon fiber composite (wcf-COOH), as one of the TENGs to generate a greater open-circuit voltage (Voc), and short circuit current (Isc). Also, I aimed the contact and separation mode TENG which is using spring structure through oxidation of Wcf into Wcf-COOH followed by coupling of aniline through and one-step oxidative polymerization to get woven carbon fiber-polyaniline emraldine salt (Wcf-Pani.Es). The Wcf-PANI.Es composite film (thickness ~ 100 nm) shows the surface resistivity of 0.324 Ω m, and functions as a rubbing surface to produce charges through harvesting of energy using vertical contact-separation mode TENG. The vibrant exchanges of novel Wcf-Pani.Es, and PVDF membrane produced higher Voc of 95 V, and Isc of 180 μA, correspondingly. In specific, Wcf-Pani.Es -TENG is shown an enhancement of 498% of Voc concerning Wcf-COOH-TENG due to the availability of the Pani.Es layer. The novel Bno-Spi-TENGs and Wcf-Pani.Es are the potential candidates for fulfilling the need for improved energy harvesting devices as an alternate substantial choice for contact-separation mode TENGs.

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A Highly Efficient and Durable Kirigami Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Rotational Energy Harvesting

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14041120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1120

Author(s):

Dae Sol Kong ◽

Jae Yeon Han ◽

Young Joon Ko ◽

Sang Hyeok Park ◽

Minbaek Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Sliding Mode ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Rotational Energy ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerators

While sliding-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (S-TENGs) have been considered as one of the most promising devices for rotational energy harvesting, their inherently poor durability has been a serious bottleneck for applications. Herein, we report a three-dimensional kirigami TENG as a highly efficient and durable rotational energy harvesting device. The kirigami TENG consisted of cube-shaped paper, aluminum (Al) foil electrode and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer film, and converted rotational motion into multiple folding-unfolding vibrations. The rotation-folding (R-F) kirigami TENG generated an open-circuit voltage of 31 V, a short-circuit current of 0.67 μA and an instantaneous power (power density) of 1.2 μW (0.13 μW/cm2) at 200 rpm, which was sufficient to turn on 25 light-emitting diodes and a thermo-hygrometer. The triboelectric outputs of the R-F kirigami TENG were only slightly decreased even after 288,000 continuous rotations, i.e., the output remained at 86% of its initial value. This work demonstrates that an R-F kirigami TENG could be a plausible candidate to efficiently harvest various forms of rotational energy with a long-term durability.

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Online current-sensorless estimator for PV open circuit voltage and short circuit current

Solar Energy ◽

10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 213 ◽

pp. 198-210

Author(s):

Ahsan Nadeem ◽

Hadeed Ahmed Sher ◽

Ali Faisal Murtaza ◽

Nisar Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Current Sensorless

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IMPROVING STABILITY OF CHLOROPHYLL AS NATURAL DYE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v80.10258 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zainal Arifin ◽

Sudjito Soeparman ◽

Denny Widhiyanuriyawan ◽

Suyitno Suyitno ◽

Argatya Tara Setyaji

Keyword(s):

Current Density ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Short Circuit Current Density ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

Natural dyes have attracted much researcher’s attention due to their low-cost production, simple synthesis processes and high natural abundance. However the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based natural dyes have higher tendency to degradation. This article reports on the enhancement of performance and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using natural dyes. The natural dyes were extracted from papaya leaves by ethanol solvent at a temperature of 50 °C. Then the extracted dyes were isolated and modified into Mg-chlorophyll using column chromatography. Mg-chlorophyll was then synthesized into Fe-chlorophyll to improve stability. The natural dyes were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The performance of DSSCs was tested using a solar simulator. The results showed the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current density, and the efficiency of the extracted papaya leaves-based DSSCs to be 325 mV, 0.36 mA/cm2, and 0.07%, respectively. Furthermore, the DSSCs with purified chlorophyll provide high open-circuit voltage of 425 mV and short-circuit current density of 0.45 mA/cm2. The use of Fe-chlorophyll for sensitizing the DSSCs increases the efficiency up to 2.5 times and the stability up to two times. The DSSCs with Fe-chlorophyll dyes provide open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and efficiency of 500 mV, 0.62 mA/cm2, and 0.16%, respectively. Further studies to improve the current density and stability of natural dye-based DSSCs along with an improvement in the anchor between dyes and semiconducting layers are required.

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Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.3762/bjnano.9.171 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1802-1808 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Katherine Atamanuk ◽

Justin Luria ◽

Bryan D Huey

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Photovoltaic Properties ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Individual Grains

The nanoscale optoelectronic properties of materials can be especially important for polycrystalline photovoltaics including many sensor and solar cell designs. For thin film solar cells such as CdTe, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are especially critical performance indicators, often varying between and even within individual grains. A new method for directly mapping the open-circuit voltage leverages photo-conducting AFM, along with an additional proportional-integral-derivative feedback loop configured to maintain open-circuit conditions while scanning. Alternating with short-circuit current mapping efficiently provides complementary insight into the highly microstructurally sensitive local and ensemble photovoltaic performance. Furthermore, direct open-circuit voltage mapping is compatible with tomographic AFM, which additionally leverages gradual nanoscale milling by the AFM probe essentially for serial sectioning. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional results for CdTe solar cells during in situ illumination reveal local to mesoscale contributions to PV performance based on the order of magnitude variations in photovoltaic properties with distinct grains, at grain boundaries, and for sub-granular planar defects.

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Prediction of Solar Irradiance Based on Artificial Neural Networks

Inventions ◽

10.3390/inventions4030045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Waleed I. Hameed ◽

Baha A. Sawadi ◽

Safa J. Al-Kamil ◽

Mohammed S. Al-Radhi ◽

Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Artificial Neural Networks ◽

Solar Irradiance ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Low Cost ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Pv Module ◽

Artificial Neural

Prediction of solar irradiance plays an essential role in many energy systems. The objective of this paper is to present a low-cost solar irradiance meter based on artificial neural networks (ANN). A photovoltaic (PV) mathematical model of 50 watts and 36 cells was used to extract the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage of the PV module. The obtained data was used to train the ANN to predict solar irradiance for horizontal surfaces. The strategy was to measure the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current of the PV module and then feed it to the ANN as inputs to get the irradiance. The experimental and simulation results showed that the proposed method could be utilized to achieve the value of solar irradiance with acceptable approximation. As a result, this method presents a low-cost instrument that can be used instead of an expensive pyranometer.

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Inkjet Printing Technology for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1767 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 476-478 ◽

pp. 1767-1770

Author(s):

Yu Li Lin ◽

Cheng Yi Hsu ◽

Chang Lun Tai

Keyword(s):

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Tio2 Particles ◽

Ito Glass ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Pet Substrate

The task of this study is to prepare the TiO2 film electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) on ITO PET substrate using a general jet-printer. The results were compared with that obtained using ITO glass substrate. In this study, the dispersion of TiO2 slurry was manipulated by changing the pH value of the solution to avoid agglomeration of TiO2 particles. The average TiO2 particles used in this study were measured about 130nm. The experimental results show that it has the best performance when the thickness of the TiO2 film was about 10μm. In ITO glass substrate, the measured short circuit current was about 5.03mA, the open circuit voltage was measured to be 0.65V. In ITO-PET substrate, the measured short circuit current was about 2.73mA, the open circuit voltage was measured to be 0.68V.

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The short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage of moisture absorbed polyimide thin films with different electrode materials

Proceedings of 1994 4th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM) ◽

10.1109/icpadm.1994.413978 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. Muramoto ◽

Y. Mizuno ◽

M. Nagao ◽

M. Kosaki

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit

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Optical Simulation and Investigation of the Effect of Hysteresis on the Perovskite Solar Cells

NANO ◽

10.1142/s1793292019501273 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 1950127 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Farhad Jahantigh ◽

S. M. Bagher Ghorashi

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer

Perovskite solar cells have recently been considered to be an auspicious candidate for the advancement of future photovoltaic research. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 22% has been reported to be reached, which can be obtained through an inexpensive and high-throughput solution process. Modeling and simulation of these cells can provide deep insights into their fundamental mechanism of performance. In this paper, two different perovskite solar cells are designed by using COMSOL Multiphysics to optimize the thickness of each layer and the overall thickness of the cell. Electric potential, electron and hole concentrations, generation rate, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and the output power were calculated. Finally, PCEs of 20.7% and 26.1% were predicted. Afterwards, according to the simulation results, the role of the hole transport layer (HTL) was investigated and the optimum thickness of the perovskite was measured to be 200[Formula: see text]nm for both cells. Therefore, the spin coating settings are selected so that a coating with this thickness for cell 1 is deposited. In order to compare the performance of HTM layer, solar cells with a Spiro-OMeTAD HTM and without the HTM layer in their structure were fabricated. According to the obtained photovoltaic properties, the solar cell made with Spiro-OMeTAD has a more favorable open-circuit voltage ([Formula: see text]), short-circuit current density ([Formula: see text]), fill factor (FF) and PCE compared to the cell without the HTM layer. Also, hysteresis depends strongly on the perovskite grain size, because large average grain size will lead to an increase in the grain’s contact surface area and a decrease in the density of grain boundaries. Finally, according to the results, it was concluded that, in the presence of a hole transport layer, ion transfer was better and ion accumulation was less intense, and therefore, the hysteresis decreases.

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