scholarly journals Prior Prognostic Expectations as a Potential Predictor in Neurofeedback Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevhen Damanskyy ◽  
Alexander Olsen ◽  
Stig Hollup
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Post Test

AbstractThe present study evaluated whether subjects’ expectations and neurofeedback training performance predict neurofeedback efficacy in cognitive training by controlling both factors as statistical variables. Twenty-two psychology students underwent neurofeedback training, employing beta/theta protocol to enhance beta1 power (13–21 Hz) and suppress theta (4–7 Hz) power. Neurofeedback efficacy was evaluated by behavioral components measured on pre-tests and post-tests employing a visual continuous performance task. The results revealed a significant interaction term between change in reaction time from pre-test to post-test and expectancy effect, indicating that participants with high prognostic expectations showed better improvement in reaction time scores. The data did not reveal that actual neurofeedback performance influenced the post-test measurements of the visual continuous performance task. No significant differences were found for reaction time variability, omission, or commission errors. Possible factors contributing to the results are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.

The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Continuous Performance Task Among Young Men With ADHD

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705471989781
Author(s):  
Orrie Dan ◽  
Ami Cohen ◽  
Kfir Asraf ◽  
Ivgeny Saveliev ◽  
Iris Haimov
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To identify the impact of sleep deprivation on functioning of young adults with or without ADHD on a continuous performance attention task. Method: Thirty-four men ( M age = 25.38) with ( n = 16) or without ( n = 18) ADHD completed a continuous performance task before and after 25 hr of sustained wakefulness in a controlled environment. Results: In both groups, sleep deprivation caused a decline in performance on all variables: omission errors, commission errors, reaction time, and reaction time variability. In addition, the ADHD group made more omission and commission errors, and had greater reaction time variability. Conclusion: Sleep deprivation has a detrimental effect on attention functioning among young adults. In addition, although young adults with ADHD generally perform worse on continuous performance tasks than young adults without ADHD, the groups are similarly affected by sleep deprivation.

scholarly journals Continuous performance task in ADHD: Is reaction time variability a key measure?

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Levy ◽  
Andrew Pipingas ◽  
Elizabeth V Harris ◽  
Maree Farrow ◽  
Richard B Silberstein
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Performance Task

scholarly journals Stimulus degradation impairs performance in a rodent continuous performance test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne C. DeBrosse ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Robyn Wiseman ◽  
Racine Ross ◽  
Sy’Keria Garrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Stimulus Degradation

AbstractSustained attention is a core cognitive domain that is often disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders. Continuous performance tests (CPTs) are the most common clinical assay of sustained attention. In CPTs, participants produce a behavioral response to target stimuli and refrain from responding to non-target stimuli. Performance in CPTs is measured as the ability to discriminate between targets and non-targets. Rodent versions of CPTs (rCPT) have been developed and validated with both anatomical and pharmacological studies, providing a translational platform for understanding the neurobiology of sustained attention. In human studies, using degraded stimuli (decreased contrast) in CPTs impairs performance and patients with schizophrenia experience a larger decrease in performance compared to healthy controls. In this study, we tested multiple levels of stimulus degradation in a touchscreen version of the CPT in mice. We found that stimulus degradation significantly decreased performance in both males and females. The changes in performance consisted of a decrease in stimulus discrimination, measured as d’, and increases in hit reaction time and reaction time variability. These findings are in line with the effects of stimulus degradation in human studies. Overall, female mice demonstrated a more liberal response strategy than males, but response strategy was not affected by stimulus degradation. These data extend the utility of the mouse CPT by demonstrating that stimulus degradation produces equivalent behavioral responses in mice and humans. Therefore, the degraded stimuli rCPT has high translational value as a preclinical assay of sustained attention.

Intraindividual Reaction Time Variability, Attention, and Age-Related Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bunce ◽  
Sarah Bauermeister
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Fast Fourier Transformation ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Age Related

Intraindividual variability in the present context refers to the moment-to-moment variation in attentional or executive engagement over a given time period. Typically, it is measured using the response latencies collected across the trials of a behavioral neurocognitive task. In aging research, the measure has received a lot of recent interest as it may provide important insights into age-related cognitive decline and neuropathology as well as having potential as a neurocognitive assessment tool in healthcare settings. In the present chapter, we begin by reviewing the key empirical findings relating to age and intraindividual variability. Here, research shows that intraindividual variability increases with age and predicts a range of age-related outcomes including gait impairment, falls and errors more broadly, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality. Brain imaging research suggests that greater variability is associated with age-related or neuropathological changes to a frontal–cingulate–parietal network and that white matter compromise and dopamine depletion may be key underlying mechanisms. We then consider the cognitive and neurobiological theoretical underpinnings of the construct before providing a description of the various methods and metrics that have been used to compute measures of variability – reaction time cut-offs, raw and residualized intraindividual standard deviations, coefficient of variation, ex-Gaussian curve and fast Fourier transformation. A further section considers the range of neurocognitive tasks that have been used to assess intraindividual variability. Broadly, these tasks can be classified on a continuum of cognitive demands as psychomotor, executive control or higher-order cognitive tasks (e.g., episodic memory). Finally, we provide some pointers concerning the pressing issues that future research needs to address in the area. We conclude that the existing body of theoretical and empirical work underlines the potential of intraindividual reaction time variability measures as additions to the neuropsychological test batteries that are used in the early detection of a range of age-related neurocognitive disorders in healthcare settings.

Enhancement of continuous performance task reaction time by smoking in non-deprived smokers

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter S. Pritchard ◽  
John H. Robinson ◽  
Thomas D. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task

Executive function in children with Tourette Syndrome and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Harris ◽  
Linda J. Schuerholz ◽  
Harvey S. Singer ◽  
Mark J. Reader ◽  
Janice E. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children

AbstractTourette Syndrome (TS) in children is associated with various neurobehavioral disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with TS and ADHD show some difficulties with neuropsychological tasks, but we do not know if children with TS alone have neuropsychological deficits. To assess specific cognitive differences among children with TS and/or ADHD, we administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, including 10 tasks related to executive function (EF), to 10 children with TS-only, 48 with ADHD-only, and 32 with TS+ADHD. Children in all groups could not efficiently produce output on a timed continuous performance task [Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) mean reaction time and reaction time variability]. Children with TS-only appeared to have fewer EF impairments and significantly higher perceptual organization scores than children with TS+ADHD or ADHD-only. These findings suggest that deficiencies in choice reaction time and consistency of timed responses are common to all three groups, but children with TS-only have relatively less EF impairment than children with TS+ADHD or ADHD-only. (JINS, 1995, 1, 511–516.)

Clinical Use of Continuous Performance Tests to Diagnose Children With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jangho Park ◽  
Changyoon Kim ◽  
Joon-Ho Ahn ◽  
Yeonho Joo ◽  
Min-Sup Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Continuous Performance Tests ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity

Objective: This study evaluated the diagnostic application of continuous performance tests in children with ADHD. Method: We recruited 114 children (aged 6-12) from August 2012 to May 2014. Seventy-nine children were diagnosed with ADHD and 35 were enrolled as controls. The Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) was administered to all participants. Results: There were significant between-group differences for the frequency distribution of four ATA variables. The ATA criteria yielded a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 84.8% and 45.7%, respectively. Discriminant analysis revealed that auditory reaction time variability and visual commission errors helped distinguish between the groups. Discriminate functions indicated correct classification of 64.9% children. ADHD children tended to have lower intra-class correlation coefficients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the ATA distributions of ADHD individuals may differ from the general population; in addition, the ATA results could not independently diagnose ADHD. Therefore, they should be considered carefully before diagnosis.

Neuroticism and Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff in Self-Paced Speeded Mental Addition and Comparison

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagen C. Flehmig ◽  
Michael B. Steinborn ◽  
Karl Westhoff ◽  
Robert Langner
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Mental Addition ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Accuracy Tradeoff

Previous research suggests a relationship between neuroticism (N) and the speed-accuracy tradeoff in speeded performance: High-N individuals were observed performing less efficiently than low-N individuals and compensatorily overemphasizing response speed at the expense of accuracy. This study examined N-related performance differences in the serial mental addition and comparison task (SMACT) in 99 individuals, comparing several performance measures (i.e., response speed, accuracy, and variability), retest reliability, and practice effects. N was negatively correlated with mean reaction time but positively correlated with error percentage, indicating that high-N individuals tended to be faster but less accurate in their performance than low-N individuals. The strengthening of the relationship after practice demonstrated the reliability of the findings. There was, however, no relationship between N and distractibility (assessed via measures of reaction time variability). Our main findings are in line with the processing efficiency theory, extending the relationship between N and working style to sustained self-paced speeded mental addition.

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