Decomposing US Political Ideology: Local Labor Market Polarization and Race in the 2016 Presidential Election

Resumen:Este artículo examina los fa c t o res internos y externos a una localidad que son copartícipes en la estructuración y reestructuración de su mercado de trabajo local. A partir de la revisión de la historia social y económica del lugar, se destaca su tránsito de enclave minero a lugar de residencia de mineros y trabajadores de maquiladoras. En este caso, se presenta la constitución de los mercados de trabajo locales como un resultado del encuentro de las condiciones del lugar de residencia de los trabajadores y el lugar donde se encuentra el centro de trabajo. De aquí que la movilidad laboral geográfica aparezca como una de las tácticas de los sujetos ante una situación de desempleo.Palabras clave: Mercado de trabajo, Minería, Maquiladoras, Mineros, Movilidad laboral, Desempleo.Abstract:This article examines the internal and external local factors shaping the structuring and restructuring of a local labor market. By reviewing the social and economic history of the community, this article underlines its transition from a mining setting to a residence place for miners and maquila workers. In this case, the constitution of local labor markets is presented as a result of the condition encounter of both workers residence place and the location of the work place. This is a reason explaining why geographical labor mobility comes to be an actor tactic to face unemployment.Key words: Labor market, Mining, Export-oriented industry, Miners, Labor mobility, Unemployment.

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It’s their fault: Partisan attribution bias and its association with voting intentions

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations ◽

10.1177/1368430221990084 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 136843022199008

Author(s):

Ethan Zell ◽

Christopher A. Stockus ◽

Michael J. Bernstein

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Political Party ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Political Ideology ◽

Positive Outcomes ◽

Opposing Party ◽

Registered Voters ◽

Attribution Bias ◽

Democrats And Republicans ◽

Voting Intentions

This research examined how people explain major outcomes of political consequence (e.g., economic growth, rising inequality). We argue that people attribute positive outcomes more and negative outcomes less to their own political party than to an opposing party. We conducted two studies, one before the 2016 U.S. presidential election ( N = 244) and another before the 2020 election ( N = 249 registered voters), that examined attributions across a wide array of outcomes. As predicted, a robust partisan attribution bias emerged in both studies. Although the bias was largely equivalent among Democrats and Republicans, it was magnified among those with more extreme political ideology. Further, the bias predicted unique variance in voting intentions and significantly mediated the link between political ideology and voting. In sum, these data suggest that partisan allegiances systemically bias attributions in a group-favoring direction. We discuss implications of these findings for emerging research on political social cognition.

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Risk, Recessions and Resilience: Towards Sustainable Local Labor Markets through Employment Portfolio Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7926

Author(s):

Bharman Gulati ◽

Stephan Weiler

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Labor Markets ◽

Positive Impact ◽

The United States ◽

Local Economy ◽

Local Labor Markets ◽

Local Labor Market ◽

Business Survival ◽

Trade Offs ◽

New Business

This paper explores the role of local labor market dynamics on the survival of new businesses. The characteristics of the local labor market are likely to influence the survival of new businesses, the level of entrepreneurship, and the resilience of the regional economy. We apply portfolio theory to evaluate employment-based and income-based measures of risk-and-return trade-offs in local labor markets on new business survival in the United States. Our results show that volatility in local labor markets has a positive impact on new business survival, especially in Metropolitan Statistical Areas. The results are robust across different timeframes, including during economic downturns, thus highlighting the contribution of new businesses in developing the resilience of the local economy, and further promoting sustainable regional economic development.

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Peer Effects in the Workplace

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.20141300 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 425-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Thomas Cornelissen ◽

Christian Dustmann ◽

Uta Schönberg

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Real World ◽

Peer Effects ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Peer Groups ◽

Knowledge Spillover ◽

Social Pressure ◽

Local Labor Market ◽

Estimation Strategy

Existing evidence on peer effects in the productivity of coworkers stems from either laboratory experiments or real-world studies referring to a specific firm or occupation. In this paper, we aim at providing more generalizable results by investigating a large local labor market, with a focus on peer effects in wages rather than productivity. Our estimation strategy—which links the average permanent productivity of workers' peers to their wages—circumvents the reflection problem and accounts for endogenous sorting of workers into peer groups and firms. On average over all occupations, and in the type of high-skilled occupations investigated in studies on knowledge spillover, we find only small peer effects in wages. In the type of low-skilled occupations analyzed in extant studies on social pressure, in contrast, we find larger peer effects, about one-half the size of those identified in similar studies on productivity. (JEL J24, J31, J41, M12, M54)

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