Identification of resistance gene analogs involved in Phytophthora capsici recognition in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1131
Author(s):  
Erinjery Jose Suraby ◽  
Duraiswami Prasath ◽  
Kantipudi Nirmal Babu ◽  
Muthuswamy Anandaraj
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Resistance Gene Analogs

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of PR-1 Genes From Piper Nigrum Reveals Critical Role in Defense Response During Phytophthora Capsici Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Kattupalli ◽  
Asha Sriniva ◽  
Soniya E V
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background: Black pepper is a prominent spice which is an indispensable ingredient in culinary and traditional medicine. Phytophthora capsici, the causative agent of foot rot disease causes drastic constraint in black pepper cultivation and productivity. To counterattack various biotic and abiotic stresses plants employ a broad array of mechanisms one such includes the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Several studies have reported the role of PR-1 proteins in triggering the plant defenses during plant-oomycete interaction.Results: Through the genome-wide survey, eleven PR-1 genes that belongs to a CAP superfamily protein with Caveolin-Binding Motif (CBM) and CAP-derived peptide (CAPE) were identified from P. nigrum. Despite the critical functional domains, PnPR1 homologs differ in their signal peptide motifs, and core amino acid sequence composition in the functional protein domains. The GO, biological function analysis reveals their role in defense responses and response to biotic stimulus whereas the KEGG functional annotation predicted their function in the plant-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, transcriptome-assisted FPKM analysis revealed PnPR-1 genes mapped to P. nigrum - P. capsici interaction pathway. The differentially expressed pathogen-responsive PR-1 gene was validated through qRT-PCR. Subsequent analysis revealed the structural details, phylogenetic relationships, conserved sequence motifs and critical cis-regulatory elements of PnPR-1 genes.Conclusion: This is the first genome-wide study that identified the role of PR-1 genes during P. nigrum - P. capsici interactions. The detailed in silico experimental analysis revealed the vital role of PnPR-1 genes in regulating the first layer of defense towards P. capsici infection in Panniyur-1 plants.

Pathogenic variability in Phytophthora capsici from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) as revealed by transcriptome analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503
Author(s):  
Anandaraj Muthuswamy ◽  
Vinitha Kakkattil Balakrishnan ◽  
Umadevi Palaniyandi ◽  
Monica V. Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

Virulence of Phytophthora isolates from Piper nigrum L. and their sensitivity to metalaxyl-mancozeb

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Vinitha, M. Anandaraj and R. Suseela Bhai
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Highly Virulent

<p>Foot rot disease caused by <em>Phytophthora capsici</em> in black pepper is the most destructive disease. A total of 82 isolates from the National Repository of <em>Phytophthora</em> at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research were evaluated for their sensitivity to metalaxylmancozeb and also tested for their virulence. Of the 82 isolates studied, 19 (23.2%) were highly sensitive to metalaxyl-mancozeb and six (7.3%) were comparatively insensitive (EC<sub>90</sub> value &gt;40 ppm; range 41.3 to 68.5 ppm). The isolates also varied in the degree of virulence, viz., 34 (41.5%) were highly virulent, 39 (47.6%) moderately virulent, 4 (3.7%) mildly virulent, and 5 (6.1%) non-virulent. There was neither any significant correlation between sensitivity to metalaxyl-mancozeb and virulence nor with the geographical location<strong>. </strong></p>

scholarly journals EFIKASI SERBUK TUMBUHAN DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG LADA DI LAPANGAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Cipta Ginting ◽  
Dad R.J. Sembodo ◽  
Herry Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Whole Plants

The efficacy of plant powder to control foot rot on black pepper in field condition. One of the problems in cultivating black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is foot rot caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian (P. palmivora MF4), that could kill the plants in only few days especially during rainy season.  The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of several plant powder to control the disease in semi-field condition.  The experiment was conducted at the experiment station located at the campus of the University of Lampung from May to October of 2000.  The semi-field condition was made by pushing a barrel into the soil to isolate the field soil as testing medium from the rest of the field soil.  The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications and consisted of the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, Alpinia galanga, and Kaempferia galanga, whole plant of Cymbopogon citratus and Elephantopus scaber, metalaxyl, and untreated control.  To prepare the plant powder, each material was cut into small pieces then dried in oven at 50o C for 4 days and then ground in a blender.  The powder was applied 3 days after inoculum infestation.  The powder and inoculum was mixed with soil to the depth of 12 cm so that the soil contained 2% each.  After one week, four plants were planted.  As additional bioindicator to detect infective inoculum, eight leaf portions were pressed into the soil so that half of the leaf was bellowed the soil line.  The plants were watered and observed daily.  To determine viable fungal propagules, soil sample was taken weekly for five weeks.  Soil assay was done with dilution technique using PDA supplemented with rosebengal.  The results of the observation show that the treatments did not influence significantly the disease intensity on leaf portions or the whole plants.  There were no significant differences on viable fungal propagules in soils received different treatments.

scholarly journals Karakteristik morfologi dan sebaran tipe kawin Phytophthora capsici asal lada di Pulau Jawa

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Bahru Rohmah ◽  
Bambang Hadisutrisno ◽  
Dyah Manohara ◽  
Achmadi Priyatmojo
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Special Region

Morphology characters and mating types distribution of Phytophthora capsici from black pepper in Java IslandPepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most important spice crops in Indonesia.  Recently its production declining due to infection of foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. This pathogen has two different mating types, namely A1 and A2, in which the presence of opposite two mating types is important for sexual reproduction and formation of oospores. The movement of pepper seedling from one area to another is highly facilitated alteration of  mating type distribution map of P. capsici. The objectives of this research were to determine the morphological characteristics and the spread of mating types of P. capsici in Java. Morphology characters of P. capsici isolates were indicated by variation in sporangial size and shape, as well as types of colony appearance. The length (l) and width (w) of sporangium were in the range of 15.1–76.2 µm and 9.8–44.8 µm, respectively; while the l/w ratio was 1.12–2.27. Mating type assay showed that A2 type was more dominantly found than A1 type. This study found two different mating types present in the same area, i.e. Regency of Pacitan (East Java) and Regency of Sleman (Special Region of Yogyakarta). The findings of this research suggested that it is required more strict control strategy on the mobilization of black pepper seedling particularly in the area where the certain mating type is not found yet so that the emergence of new more virulent genotype of pathogen can be prevented.

scholarly journals Development of Clustered Resistance Gene Analogs-Based Markers of Resistance toPhytophthora capsiciin Chili Pepper

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayoung Kim ◽  
Won-Hee Kang ◽  
Jundae Lee ◽  
Seon-In Yeom
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Resistance Gene Analogs ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Germplasm Screening ◽  
Melting Analysis ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeats ◽  
Protein Sequence Comparison ◽  
Major Qtl

The soil-borne pathogenPhytophthora capsicicauses severe destruction ofCapsicumspp. Resistance inCapsicumagainstP. capsiciis controlled by numerous minor quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and a consistent major QTL on chromosome 5. Molecular markers onCapsicumchromosome 5 have been developed to identify the predominant genetic contributor to resistance but have achieved little success. In this study, previously reported molecular markers were used to reanalyze the major QTL region on chromosome 5 (6.2 Mbp to 139.2 Mbp). Candidate resistance gene analogs (RGAs) were identified in the extended major QTL region including 14 nucleotide binding site leucine-rich repeats, 3 receptor-like kinases, and 1 receptor-like protein. Sequence comparison of the candidate RGAs was performed between twoCapsicumgermplasms that are resistant and susceptible, respectively, toP. capsici.11 novel RGA-based markers were developed through high-resolution melting analysis which were closely linked to the major QTL forP. capsiciresistance. Among the markers, CaNB-5480 showed the highest cosegregation rate at 86.9% and can be applied to genotyping of the germplasms that were not amenable by previous markers. With combination of three markers such as CaNB-5480, CaRP-5130 and CaNB-5330 increased genotyping accuracy for 61Capsicumaccessions. These could be useful to facilitate high-throughput germplasm screening and further characterize resistance genes againstP. capsiciin pepper.

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