The role of selected odonate nymphs in biological control of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, and effect of glyphosate herbicide on their predatory performance

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah Khan ◽  
Sardar Azhar Mehmood ◽  
Hazrat Ali ◽  
Waqas Waqas ◽  
Bakht Rahbar
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide

scholarly journals Biological Control and Mitigation of Aflatoxin Contamination in Commodities

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Ferenc Peles ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Szilvia Kovács ◽  
Zoltán Győri ◽  
István Pócsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced mostly by Aspergillus species. AF contamination entering the feed and food chain has been a crucial long-term issue for veterinarians, medicals, agroindustry experts, and researchers working in this field. Although different (physical, chemical, and biological) technologies have been developed, tested, and employed to mitigate the detrimental effects of mycotoxins, including AFs, universal methods are still not available to reduce AF levels in feed and food in the last decades. Possible biological control by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, their excretes, the role of the ruminal degradation, pre-harvest biocontrol by competitive exclusion or biofungicides, and post-harvest technologies and practices based on biological agents currently used to alleviate the toxic effects of AFs are collected in this review. Pre-harvest biocontrol technologies can give us the greatest opportunity to reduce AF production on the spot. Together with post-harvest applications of bacteria or fungal cultures, these technologies can help us strictly reduce AF contamination without synthetic chemicals.

PREY PREFERENCES OF ADULT AND IMMATURE ZETZELLIA MALI EWING (ACARI: STIGMAEIDAE) AND TYPHLODROMUS CAUDIGLANS SCHUSTER (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Clements ◽  
Rudolf Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Prey Preferences ◽  
Eriophyid Mites

Effective management of the interactions within the mite community is critical to biological control of economically damaging phytophagous mites such as Panonychus ulmi Koch (Tetranychidae) (Clements and Harmsen 1990). Although much is known about the potential role of phytoseiid mites in controlling P. ulmi (Dover et al. 1979), mites from at least seven other families may be present in apple orchards (Thistlewood 1991). Stigmaeid mites are predators which may play a beneficial role in biological control in conjunction with phytoseiids (Clements and Harmsen 1992). Eriophyid mites are phytophagous but seldom cause economic damage, and may compete with tetranychids and provide alternative food for predators of tetranychids (Croft and Hoying 1977).

The role of biological control in managing parasitic weeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sauerborn ◽  
D. Müller-Stöver ◽  
J. Hershenhorn
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Parasitic Weeds

scholarly journals Occurrence of L1014F and L1014S mutations in insecticide resistant Culex quinquefasciatus from filariasis endemic districts of West Bengal, India

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0010000
Author(s):  
Priyanka Rai ◽  
Dhiraj Saha
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time

Introduction Lymphatic filariasis causes long term morbidity and hampers the socio-economic status. Apart from the available treatments and medication, control of vector population Culex quinquefasciatus Say through the use of chemical insecticides is a widely applied strategy. However, the unrestrained application of these insecticides over many decades has led to resistance development in the vectors. Methods In order to determine the insecticide susceptibility/resistance status of Cx. quinquefasciatus from two filariasis endemic districts of West Bengal, India, wild mosquito populations were collected and assayed against six different insecticides and presence of L1014F; L1014S kdr mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene was also screened along with the use of synergists to evaluate the role of major detoxifying enzymes in resistance development. Results The collected mosquito populations showed severe resistance to insecticides and the two synergists used–PBO (piperonyl butoxide) and TPP (triphenyl phosphate), were unable to restore the susceptibility status of the vector thereupon pointing towards a minor role of metabolic enzymes. kdr mutations were present in the studied populations in varying percent with higher L1014F frequency indicating its association with the observed resistance to pyrethroids and DDT. This study reports L1014S mutation in Cx. quinquefasciatus for the first time.

scholarly journals The Central Role of Multiple P450 Genes and Their Co-factor CPR in the Development of Permethrin Resistance in the Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youhui Gong ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Shikai Liu ◽  
Nannan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Gene Overexpression ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Reductase ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Toxic Product ◽  
Resistant Strains

Mosquitoes’ increasing resistance to insecticides is becoming a major threat for control efforts worldwide. Multiple P450 genes that are up-regulated in permethrin resistant strains of Culex quinquefasciatus have been linked to the development of resistance. In the current study, we characterized the function of six P450 genes, CYP6P14, CYP6BZ2, CYP9J33, CYP9J34, CYP9J40, and CYP9J45, that are overexpressed in the permethrin resistant Culex mosquitoes and showed their capability in metabolism of permethrin. These six P450 genes can convert 3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol (PBCHO) to a less toxic product, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBCOOH), indicating that these P450s play an important role in permethrin degradation pathways. Although we know multiple P450 genes are over-expressed in permethrin resistant Culex mosquitoes, it remains to be seen whether cytochrome P450-reductase (CPR) gene that are co-overexpressed with P450 genes in permethrin resistant mosquitoes do indeed serve as a resistance mechanism. An in-depth investigation of the expression of CPR gene in resistant mosquitoes was conducted in permethrin resistant mosquitoes. The finding of CPR gene overexpression in permethrin resistant mosquitoes suggested the importance of co-overexpression of multiple P450 genes with their obligatory electron donor CPR in the complex detoxification system, boosting the metabolism of permethrin and hence the development of permethrin resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WHITEFLY BY SPECIES OF LADYBUG Delphastus spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greissi Tente Giraldi ◽  
Julio César Guerreiro ◽  
Cawana Parrow Augusto ◽  
Thainara Ferreira Alves Pessoa ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Critical Damage

Whitefly complex is one of the most severe pests affecting different crops of significant agricultural interest. It causes critical damage to plants, and hence considerably affect crop productivity and the related commercials. This insect has been managed using insecticides; however, there have been reports of resistance of this insecticide to various active ingredients, making it difficult to reduce this pest’s population. Hence, other ways of handling this insect population have been investigated, including through biological control. Several past studies have reported the existence of natural enemies of the whitefly, including coccinellids such as those belonging to the genus Delphastus have gained much attention. These coccinellids are predators and hence perform the important role of controlling pest population. Moreover, the whitefly is a staple food in certain diets.

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