scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WHITEFLY BY SPECIES OF LADYBUG Delphastus spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greissi Tente Giraldi ◽  
Julio César Guerreiro ◽  
Cawana Parrow Augusto ◽  
Thainara Ferreira Alves Pessoa ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Critical Damage

Whitefly complex is one of the most severe pests affecting different crops of significant agricultural interest. It causes critical damage to plants, and hence considerably affect crop productivity and the related commercials. This insect has been managed using insecticides; however, there have been reports of resistance of this insecticide to various active ingredients, making it difficult to reduce this pest’s population. Hence, other ways of handling this insect population have been investigated, including through biological control. Several past studies have reported the existence of natural enemies of the whitefly, including coccinellids such as those belonging to the genus Delphastus have gained much attention. These coccinellids are predators and hence perform the important role of controlling pest population. Moreover, the whitefly is a staple food in certain diets.

scholarly journals The pest kill rate of thirteen natural enemies as aggregate evaluation criterion of their biological control potential of Tuta absoluta

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop C. van Lenteren ◽  
Alberto Lanzoni ◽  
Lia Hemerik ◽  
Vanda H. P. Bueno ◽  
Johanna G. Bajonero Cuervo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Evaluation Criterion ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Kill Rate ◽  
Reduction Capacity

AbstractEcologists study how populations are regulated, while scientists studying biological pest control apply population regulation processes to reduce numbers of harmful organisms: an organism (a natural enemy) is used to reduce the population density of another organism (a pest). Finding an effective biological control agent among the tens to hundreds of natural enemies of a pest is a daunting task. Evaluation criteria help in a first selection to remove clearly ineffective or risky species from the list of candidates. Next, we propose to use an aggregate evaluation criterion, the pest kill rate, to compare the pest population reduction capacity of species not eliminated during the first selection. The pest kill rate is the average daily lifetime killing of the pest by the natural enemy under consideration. Pest kill rates of six species of predators and seven species of parasitoids of Tuta absoluta were calculated and compared. Several natural enemies had pest kill rates that were too low to be able to theoretically reduce the pest population below crop damaging densities. Other species showed a high pest reduction capacity and their potential for practical application can now be tested under commercial crop production conditions.

scholarly journals Review: Role of Syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) as Biotic Agents and Pollinators in Pakis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Irshad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Pest Damage

The agriculture sector is important in the overall economy of Pakistan. There are many limiting factors in crop production. The two important factors are pest damage and pollination in addition to many others. Pest damage remained a serious problem since the dawn of human civilization. With the advancement of knowledge regarding safety of environment, pests are now tackled through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques. In IPM, biological control through use of natural enemies is quite significant and the favored approach. Pollination is an essential ecosystem service. Effective pollination results in increased crop production, quality improvement and more seed production. One of the important groups of pollinators is Syrphid. About 84 species are reported from Pakistan. However, they have not been practically and effectively applied in both IPM and pollination contexts.

scholarly journals The Aplications Biological Control of the Pest Population ( Plutella xylostella Linn. And C. pavonana Zell.) and Their Natural Enemies in Cabbage Plants in the Village Kalibaru Kulon, District Banyuwangi

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Helmi Helmi ◽  
Didik Sulistyanto ◽  
Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Village

The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of biological control agens  to the population of pests  and their natural enemies in cabbage crops in agricultural land Kalibaru kulon Kab. Banyuwangi. The research was conducted by Randomized Complete Block Design with with five replications. The treatments were Control as P0, Heterorhabditis sp. as P1, Bacillus thuringiensis as P2, Profenofos as P3, Beauveria bassiana as P4, Red bacteria as P5. Data were obtained from observations of pest population and their natural enemies, as well as the percentage decrease in the population of pests and their natural enemies. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD were tested further by 5%. The results showed that Heterorhabditis sp. was the most effective agents to control populations of Plutella xylostela Linn. and Crocidolomia pavonana Zell., this is also indicated by a decrease in pest population of Plutella xylostela by 54.66% and amounted to 47.9% Crocidolomia  pavonana. Aplication biological agens  was not  affect  the population of natural enemies Coccinela repanda, and Verania sp. Keywords : Cabbage, Biological Control, Pests, Natural enemies

The Role of the Ant in the Biological Control of Homopterous Insects

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley E. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Citrus Red Mite

The ant as a factor in “facultative helotism” plays an important role in the biological conrrol of certain agricultural pests. This phenomenon was noted by Linnè in 1758 (Jones 1929; Wheeler 1910), when he observed that honeydew-producing insects such as aphids, mealybugs, and scale insects often functioned as “cows of the ants.”The importance of this function in the biological control of homopteroas insects lies in the fact that certain species are effectively controlled by their natural enemies when ants are absent, but not when ants are present. The ant, in gathering the honeydew supplied by such homopterous insects, tends more or less automatically to protect them from their natural enemies (Huber 1810). This apparently protective effect is not limited to the honeydew-producing species hut is often extended to other phytophagous forms such as the citrus red mite, Paratetranychus citri (McGregor), (Kenyon 1935; DeBach, Fleschner, and Dietrick 1951) and diaspid scale insects (Flanders 1945) when such forms happen to be within the area of ant activity.

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

scholarly journals Drought and Salinity in Citriculture: Optimal Practices to Alleviate Salinity and Water Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Vasileios Ziogas ◽  
Georgia Tanou ◽  
Giasemi Morianou ◽  
Nektarios Kourgialas
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
High Water ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Negative Effect

Among the various abiotic stresses, drought is the major factor limiting crop productivity worldwide. Citrus has been recognized as a fruit tree crop group of great importance to the global agricultural sector since there are 140 citrus-producing countries worldwide. The majority of citrus-producing areas are subjected to dry and hot summer weather, limited availability of water resources with parallel low-quality irrigation water due to increased salinity regimes. Citrus trees are generally classified as “salt-intolerant” with high water needs, especially during summer. Water scarcity negatively affects plant growth and impairs cell metabolism, affecting the overall tree growth and the quality of produced fruit. Key factors that overall attempt to sustain and withstand the negative effect of salinity and drought stress are the extensive use of rootstocks in citriculture as well as the appropriate agronomical and irrigation practices applied. This review paper emphasizes and summarizes the crucial role of the above factors in the sustainability of citriculture.

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