Biodiesel production from rubber seed oil using calcined eggshells impregnated with Al2O3 as heterogeneous catalyst:  A comparative study of RSM and ANN optimization

Energy crises, depletion of fossil fuel reservoirs, environmental pollution, global warming, green house effect and starvation are becoming very serious problems in the modern world. Biodiesel is a liquid fuel which can be the best alternative for the fossil fuels. In this study, non-edible rubber seed oil (RSO) with high free fatty acid (FFA) content (45%) was used for the production of biodiesel. The process comprises of two steps, in the first step acid esterification was used to reduce the FFA and in the second step base transesterification was employed to convert the treated oil into rubber seed oil methyl esters (RSOMEs). The conversion yield of biodiesel was analyzed using gas chromatography. The fuel properties were tested using the standard procedure of ASTM D6751 and EN14214. All the properties were within the ranges of the biodiesel standards. The result shows that rubber seed oil is a potential non-edible source for biodiesel production.

Download Full-text

Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil by Transesterification Using a Co-solvent of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

Chemical Engineering & Technology ◽

10.1002/ceat.201700575 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 1013-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hanh Ngoc Thi Le ◽

Kiyoshi Imamura ◽

Norie Watanabe ◽

Masakazu Furuta ◽

Norimichi Takenaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Acid Methyl

Download Full-text

Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil via Esterification Process

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.1.2.57-60 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 57-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Widayat Widayat ◽

S Suherman

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Free Fatty Acid Level ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Product Characterization

One promise source of alternative energy is biodiesel from rubber seed oil, because the raw materials available in plentiful quantities and can be renewed. In addition, the rubber seed is still lack of utilization, and Indonesia is one of the largest rubbers producing country in the world. The objective of this research is to studied on biodiesel production by esterification process. Parameters used in this study are the ratio of catalyst and temperature and its influence on the characteristics of the resulting biodiesel product. Characterization of rubber seed include acid content number analysis, saponification numbers, density, viscosity, iodine number, type of free fatty acids and triglyceride oils. The results of analysis showed that rubber seed oil content obtained is 50.5%. The results of the GCMS analysis showed that a free fatty acid level in rubber seed is very high. Conversion into bio-diesel oil is obtained by at most 59.91% and lowest 48.24%.

Download Full-text

TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK BIJI KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CANGKANG KEPITING LIMBAH SEAFOOD TERMODIFIKASI K2O

Jurnal Kimia ◽

10.24843/jchem.2019.v13.i01.p01 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. K. D. Astuti ◽

I N. Simpen ◽

I W. Suarsa

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Crab Shell ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed

The CaO heterogeneous catalysts can be prepared by CaCO3 calcination process, with one source of CaCO3 being a crab shell from seafood waste. The preparation of the heterogeneous catalyst was successfully carried out by modification with KOH using a wet impregnation method at 800oC for 5 hours. The purpose of this research is to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of heterogeneous catalyst of K2O-modified crab shell and to examine the heterogeneous catalyst of K2O-modified shells in converting rubber seed oil into biodiesel. The results showed that the lowest basic alkalinity possessed without modified catalyst (1.0428 mmol g-1) and the highest alkali possessed potassium-modified catalyst (1.8314 mmol g-1). Characterization of specific surface area of ??crab shells without and with modified K2O were relatively the same. The surface morphology of the catalyst without and K2O modified was uniform. The catalyst examination results for conversion of rubber seed oil (Hevea brasiliensis) to biodiesel, the optimum catalyst concentration of 3% and the molar ratio of oil:methanol of 1:9 capable converting to biodiesel with the yield of 91.05%. The content of biodiesel were stearic methyl ester, linoleic methyl ester, linolenic methyl ester, and palmitic methyl ester.

Download Full-text