scholarly journals TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK BIJI KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CANGKANG KEPITING LIMBAH SEAFOOD TERMODIFIKASI K2O

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. D. Astuti ◽  
I N. Simpen ◽  
I W. Suarsa
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

The CaO heterogeneous catalysts can be prepared by CaCO3 calcination process, with one source of CaCO3 being a crab shell from seafood waste. The preparation of the heterogeneous catalyst was successfully carried out by modification with KOH using a wet impregnation method at 800oC for 5 hours. The purpose of this research is to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of heterogeneous catalyst of K2O-modified crab shell and to examine the heterogeneous catalyst of K2O-modified shells in converting rubber seed oil into biodiesel. The results showed that the lowest basic alkalinity possessed without modified catalyst (1.0428 mmol g-1) and the highest alkali possessed potassium-modified catalyst (1.8314 mmol g-1). Characterization of specific surface area of ??crab shells without and with modified K2O were relatively the same. The surface morphology of the catalyst without and K2O modified was uniform. The catalyst examination results for conversion of rubber seed oil (Hevea brasiliensis) to biodiesel, the optimum catalyst concentration of 3% and the molar ratio of oil:methanol of 1:9 capable converting to biodiesel with the yield of 91.05%. The content of biodiesel were stearic methyl ester, linoleic methyl ester, linolenic methyl ester, and palmitic methyl ester.

Experimental investigations to predict optimistic biodiesel(s) and its optimistic operating conditions by varying ignition delay period and fuel spray pressures for lower emissions and better performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (19) ◽  
pp. 3890-3902
Author(s):  
Vishal V Patil ◽  
Ranjit S Patil
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Ignition Delay Period

In this study, different characteristics of sustainable renewable biodiesels (those have a high potential of their production worldwide and in India) were compared with the characteristics of neat diesel to determine optimistic biodiesel for the diesel engine at 250 bar spray pressure. Optimistic fuel gives a comparatively lower level of emissions and better performance than other selected fuels in the study. Rubber seed oil methyl ester was investigated as an optimistic fuel among the other selected fuels such as sunflower oil methyl ester, neem seed oil methyl ester, and neat diesel. To enhance the performance characteristics and to further decrease the level of emission characteristics of fuel ROME, further experiments were conducted at higher spray (injection) pressures of 500 bar, 625 bar, and 750 bar with varying ignition delay period via varying its spray timings such as 8°, 13°, 18°, 23°, 28°, and 33° before top dead center. Spray pressure 250 bar at 23° before top dead center was investigated as an optimistic operating condition where fuel rubber seed oil methyl ester gives negligible hydrocarbon emissions (0.019 g/kW h) while its nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions were about 70% lesser than those observed with neat diesel, respectively.

Optimization of esterification of fatty acid rubber seed oil for methyl ester synthesis in a plug flow reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 720-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tho Dinh Son Van ◽  
Nghia Phan Trung ◽  
Vu Nguyen Anh ◽  
Huong Nguyen Lan ◽  
Anh To Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor ◽  
Ester Synthesis ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

Biodiesel Production From Crude Rubber Seed Oil Using Supercritical Methanol Transesterification

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thakun Sawiwat ◽  
Somjai Kajorncheappunngam
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Synthesis of biodiesel from rubber seed oil using a supercritical methanol was investigated under various reaction conditions (220 - 300°C, 80 - 180 bar) with reaction time of 1-15 min and oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:20 - 1:60. Free fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Most properties of produced biodiesel were in good agreement with biodiesel standard (EN 14214). The maximum FAME yield of 86.90% was obtained at 260°C, 160 bar, 5 min reaction time using oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:40. The result showed the acid value of rubber seed oil decreased to 0.58 mgKOH/g from initial 24 mgKOH/g to. It could be concluded from this findings that crude rubber seed oil is a promising alternative raw material for biodiesel synthesis via supercritical methanol tranesterification.

Rubber seed oil as potential non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 937-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuttichai Roschat ◽  
Theeranun Siritanon ◽  
Boonyawan Yoosuk ◽  
Taweesak Sudyoadsuk ◽  
Vinich Promarak
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

Thermophysical Properties of Pongama Honge Oil Methyl Ester and Rubber Seed Oil Methyl Ester for Wide Temperature Range

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Moulali ◽  
Y.V. Hanumantha Rao ◽  
Vinay Atgur ◽  
G. Manvendra ◽  
G.P. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Honge Oil Methyl Ester

Thermal energy is used in the process of heating, cooling and product design purpose. In this work, two non-edible oils are considered and their thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal degradation are experimentally determined as a function of temperature using, guarded hot plate method, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravtic analyser (TGA). Miniature difference between the obtained and actual thermal conductivity values are influenced by the fatty acid composition. In the present work Pongamia Honge Oil Methyl Ester (HOME) and Rubber Seed Oil Methyl Ester (ROME) are studied and their properties are determined experimentally for a temperature range of 25 to 80C. It has been observed that thermal conductivity of HOME decreases from 0.168 to 0.124 W/mK and for ROME thermal conductivity decreases from 0.143 to 0.113 W/mK. Thermal degradation and specific heat were studied using TGA and DSC. Specific heat was studied in the range from 35 to 120 C. For HOME, the specific heat varies from 2.345 to 2.64 kJ/kgK. For ROME, the specific heat varies from 1.572 to 1.992 kJ/kgK.

Review on methyl ester production from inedible rubber seed oil under various catalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai ◽  
Gaanty Pragas Maniam ◽  
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽  
Mashitah M. Yusoff ◽  
Yukihiko Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

Effects of partial addition of n-butanol in rubber seed oil methyl ester powered diesel engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (7) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal V Patil ◽  
Ranjit S Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Hc Emissions

The objective of present study is to evaluate the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of refined biodiesel (biofuel) such as rubber seed oil methyl ester with the partial addition of n-butanol (butanol) in it in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine operated at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Various characteristics of butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends with varying volume percentage of butanol such as 5, 10, 15, and 20 in butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends were compared with the characteristics of neat rubber seed oil methyl ester (100%) and neat diesel (100%) at various load conditions on engine (such as 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) for the compression ratio 18. It is found that brake specific fuel consumption was increased by 17% with an increase in butanol content from 5% to 20% in butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends at full load condition. Brake thermal efficiency was decreased by 14% with an increase in butanol content from 5% to 20% in butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends at full load condition. Carbon monoxide and HC emissions were found to be negligible, i.e. less than 0.1% and 35 ppm, respectively, for all selected fuels. NOx emissions were decreased by 10% with an increase in butanol content from 5% to 20% in butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends at full load condition. Various characteristics were compared for six fuels (neat rubber seed oil methyl ester, four renewable butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends, and neat diesel) in order to finalize the promising alternate sustainable renewable fuel in place of shortly diminishing conventional diesel fuel in order to provide the solution for increase in demand and price of conventional fuel (diesel) for power generation and to reduce the serious issues concerned with environmental pollution due to usage of neat diesel.

scholarly journals Extraction of rubber (hevea brasiliensis) seed oil using soxhlet method

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Mohd-Setapar ◽  
Lee Nian-Yian ◽  
N.S. Mohd-Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

Soxhlet extraction which is also known as solvent extraction refers to the preferential dissolution of oil by contacting oilseeds with a liquid solvent. This is the most efficient method to recover oil from oilseeds, thus solvent extraction using hexane has been commercialized as a standard practice in today’s industry. In this study, soxhlet extraction had been used to extract the rubber seed oil which contains high percentage of alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, the different solvents will be used for the extraction of rubber seed oil such as petroleum ether, n-hexane, ethanol and water to study the best solvent to extract the rubber seed oil so the maximum oil yield can be obtained. On the other hands, the natural resource, rubber belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, the genus is Hevea while the species of rubber is brasiliensis. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seeds are abundant and wasted because they had not been used in any industry or applications in daily life. The oil of rubber seeds had been found that contained a significant percentage of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Alpha-linolenic acid is one of the important elements of omega-3 fatty acids which play important roles in human metabolism, not only playing structural roles in phospholipid bilayers but also acting as precursors to bioactive molecules. Moreover, rubber seed oil also contains a high percentage of oleic acid and linoleic acid, these all are valuable compounds. Thus, rubber seed oil can be regarded as a plant derived oleic-linolenic acid. Rubber seeds can be considered as good sources for human food, animal feed and biofuel with its high content of fat, protein, amino acids and fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to study the method of extraction to extract the valuable components from rubber seeds, purify the extracted seed oil, so that the rubber seeds oil can be utilized into difference industries pharmaceutical, food, oleochemical and cosmetics.

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