Estimated glycemic index of rice increases with the release of new varieties in the middle reach of the Yangtze River

AbstractThe amylose content of newly-released rice varieties has steadily decreased in rice-growing regions in the middle reach of the Yangtze River during 2006–2021, to parallel increasing consumption of soft-textured rice with low amylose content. We estimated the glycemic index of these newly-released rice varieties and reveal a significantly increasing trend, showing a 0.3 annual increase in estimated glycemic index of new rice varieties released each year. These results highlight the need to assess the potential health risks associated with the development of soft-textured rice with low amylose rice.

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Evaluation of Starch Hydrolysis for Glycemic Index Prediction of Rice Varieties

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/foods_2020-07643 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Cristiana Pereira ◽

Regina Menezes ◽

Vanda Lourenço ◽

Teresa Serra ◽

Carla Brites

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Index ◽

Food Processing ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Great Influence ◽

Starch Hydrolysis ◽

Rice Starch ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Processing Technologies

Rice consumed as white cooked polished grain has been considered a high glycemic index (GI) food, particularly compared with other starchy foods. However, the GI levels of rice based food can vary among different rice types and food processing technologies. Rice GI variation can be affected by several factors, such as rice variety, the genetic background of rice as well as due to crop edaphoclimatic conditions. The main difference in rice starch composition that influences GI is the amylose content. Besides the chemical composition of rice, the gelatinization characteristics and food processing can also contribute to starch retrogradation, thus increasing the level of resistant starch with a great influence on GI. To understand the glycemic response of rice types differing in amylose and viscosity profiles, four rice samples were analyzed and compared with standard and resistant HI-MAIZE corn starches. An in vitro enzymatic starch hydrolysis procedure was applied to estimate GI. The results indicate substantial differences in the starch hydrolysis of the two corn starches. Starch hydrolysis tended to be more rapid and efficient for ‘Waxy’ and ‘Ceres’ (intermediate-amylose) rice types than for ‘Maçarico’ (high-amylose rice). In addition, the data show that the Maçarico variety has the lowest estimated GI and the highest retrogradation rate compared with ‘Waxy’, ‘Ceres’ and ‘Basmati’ type. The results obtained reinforce the importance of knowing amylose content and viscosity profiles for the prediction of rice glycemic responses.

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Climate history of the middle reach of the Yangtze river over the past 9000 years: A speleothem isotopic record from Za cave, Hubei, China

Science in China Series E ◽

10.1007/bf02916801 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (S1) ◽

pp. 119-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chaoyong Hu ◽

Junhua Huang ◽

Guanqing Yang ◽

Xiulun Lin ◽

Nianqiao Fang

Keyword(s):

Yangtze River ◽

The Yangtze River ◽

Middle Reach ◽

Climate History ◽

The Past ◽

History Of

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Annual production, trophic basis and ingestion currency of dominant caddisfly (Hydropsyche sp.) in Shengli River, Bahe catchment, the middle reach of the Yangtze River basin

Journal of Lake Sciences ◽

10.18307/2014.0217 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 297-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

DENG Shan ◽

◽

QIU Shuang ◽

WANG Lixiao ◽

YAN Yunjun

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Yangtze River Basin ◽

Annual Production ◽

The Yangtze River ◽

Middle Reach ◽

The Yangtze River Basin

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Changes in abundance of larvae of the four domestic Chinese carps in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, China, before and after closing of the Three Gorges Dam

Chinese Fishes - Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes ◽

10.1007/978-90-481-3458-8_3 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 13-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xinbin Duan ◽

Shaoping Liu ◽

Mugui Huang ◽

Shunling Qiu ◽

Zhihua Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yangtze River ◽

Three Gorges Dam ◽

Three Gorges ◽

The Yangtze River ◽

Middle Reach ◽

The Three Gorges ◽

Before And After ◽

The Three Gorges Dam ◽

Chinese Carps

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Characterizing the long‐term dynamics of aerosol optical depth in the Yangtze River Middle‐Reach urban agglomeration, China

International Journal of Climatology ◽

10.1002/joc.6945 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ming Zhang ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Qingqing He ◽

Yanbin Yuan

Keyword(s):

Aerosol Optical Depth ◽

Optical Depth ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Urban Agglomeration ◽

The Yangtze River ◽

Middle Reach

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Dating recent lake sediments from lakes in middle reach of the Yangtze River considering disturbance of human activities

Quaternary International ◽

10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1906 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 279-280 ◽

pp. 543

Author(s):

Weilan Xia

Keyword(s):

Lake Sediments ◽

Human Activities ◽

Yangtze River ◽

The Yangtze River ◽

Middle Reach

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Changes in starch quality of mid-season indica rice varieties in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in last 80 years

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63431-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 2983-2996

Author(s):

Hao ZHANG ◽

Wen-jiang JING ◽

Jing-ju XU ◽

Bing-ju MA ◽

Wei-lu WANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yangtze River ◽

Indica Rice ◽

The Yangtze River ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Starch Quality

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Vegetation history and dynamics in the middle reach of the Yangtze River during the last 1500 years revealed by sedimentary records from Taibai Lake, China

The Holocene ◽

10.1177/0959683612450195 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 57-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xiayun Xiao ◽

Xiangdong Yang ◽

Ji Shen ◽

Sumin Wang ◽

Bin Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Activities ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽

Transitional Period ◽

Vegetation Changes ◽

The Yangtze River ◽

Mixed Conifer ◽

Middle Reach ◽

Evergreen Broadleaved Forest ◽

Pollen Types

Pollen and charcoal records of a 150 cm long lake sediment core from Taibai Lake in the middle reach of the Yangtze River reveal seven major changes in regional vegetation over the last 1500 years. During the period c. ad 480–710, evergreen broadleaved forest dominated by Castanopsis/Lithocarpus and evergreen oaks occurred in the Taibai Lake catchment. From c. ad 710 to 1050, the vegetation shifted to a mixed conifer and broadleaved forest, with Pinus expanding at the expense of Castanopsis/Lithocarpus. Between c. ad 1050 and 1320, evergreen broadleaved forest reoccupied the studied area. From c. ad 1320 to 1650, the area of primary forest decreased markedly with synchronous reduction in broadleaved trees and Pinus. Between c. ad 1650 and 1740, the biomass declined rapidly, while secondary Pinus forest began to expand. During c. ad 1740–1950, forest extent increased slightly compared with the previous stage, but the landscape was still secondary forest with the minimum proportion of broadleaved trees. After c. ad 1950, the biomass in the surrounding area was very low, with vegetation types similar to that at present (secondary Pinus forest and mixed conifer and broadleaved forest). A detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) with 125 samples and 34 main pollen types is used to separate human and climatic impacts on vegetation. Then, the pollen assemblage, DCA, charcoal record, and magnetic susceptibility are combined to discuss the key factors inducing these vegetation changes. The vegetation changes were mainly controlled by the climatic changes, with the weak impacts of human activities before c. ad 1320. Since then, the intensity of human influences on vegetation increased gradually, entering a transitional period of main controlling factors of vegetation changes from nature to human activities. After c. ad 1740, the vegetation changes were chiefly controlled by human activities, and the climatic signal was weak.

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