The effects of a simulated head-up display speedometer on perceptual task performance

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
R.J. Sojourner ◽  
J.F. Antin
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Perceptual Task

scholarly journals Visual Motor and Perceptual Task Performance in Astigmatic Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Harvey ◽  
J. Daniel Twelker ◽  
Joseph M. Miller ◽  
Tina K. Leonard-Green ◽  
Kathleen M. Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Error Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Developmental Test ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
And Control

Purpose. To determine if spectacle corrected and uncorrected astigmats show reduced performance on visual motor and perceptual tasks.Methods. Third through 8th grade students were assigned to the low refractive error control group (astigmatism < 1.00 D, myopia < 0.75 D, hyperopia < 2.50 D, and anisometropia < 1.50 D) or bilateral astigmatism group (right and left eye ≥ 1.00 D) based on cycloplegic refraction. Students completed the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) and Visual Perception (VMIp). Astigmats were randomly assigned to testing with/without correction and control group was tested uncorrected. Analyses compared VMI and VMIp scores for corrected and uncorrected astigmats to the control group.Results. The sample included 333 students (control group 170, astigmats tested with correction 75, and astigmats tested uncorrected 88). Mean VMI score in corrected astigmats did not differ from the control group (p=0.829). Uncorrected astigmats had lower VMI scores than the control group (p=0.038) and corrected astigmats (p=0.007). Mean VMIp scores for uncorrected (p=0.209) and corrected astigmats (p=0.124) did not differ from the control group. Uncorrected astigmats had lower mean scores than the corrected astigmats (p=0.003).Conclusions. Uncorrected astigmatism influences visual motor and perceptual task performance. Previously spectacle treated astigmats do not show developmental deficits on visual motor or perceptual tasks when tested with correction.

scholarly journals Brain connectivity profiles associated with perceptual task performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Johan Nakuci ◽  
Jiwon Yeon ◽  
Ji-Hyun Kim ◽  
Sung-Phil Kim ◽  
Dobromir Rahnev
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Perceptual Task

scholarly journals Confidence guides priority between forthcoming tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Aguilar-Lleyda ◽  
Vincent de Gardelle
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Response Times ◽  
High Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Accuracy Condition ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Do So

AbstractHumans can estimate confidence in their decisions, and there is increasing interest on how this feeling of confidence regulates future behavior. Here, we investigate whether confidence in a perceptual task affects prioritizing future trials of that task, independently of task performance. To do so, we experimentally dissociated confidence from performance. Participants judged whether an array of differently colored circles was closer to blue or red, and we manipulated the mean and variability of the circles’ colors across the array. We first familiarized participants with a low mean low variability condition and a high mean high variability condition, which were matched in performance despite participants being more confident in the former. Then we made participants decide in which order to complete forthcoming trials for both conditions. Crucially, prioritizing one condition was associated with being more confident in that condition compared to the other. This relationship was observed both across participants, by correlating inter-individual heterogeneity in prioritization and in confidence, and within participants, by assessing how changes in confidence with accuracy, condition and response times could predict prioritization choices. Our results suggest that confidence, above and beyond performance, guides prioritization between forthcoming tasks, strengthening the evidence for its role in regulating behavior.

scholarly journals The Neural Substrates of Conscious Perception without Performance Confounds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Morales ◽  
Brian Odegaard ◽  
Brian Maniscalco
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Post Hoc

How does the brain give rise to consciousness? A common approach to addressing this question in neuroscience research involves analyzing differences in neural activity in experimental conditions where consciousness of a stimulus differs. However, unless careful measures are taken, conditions that differ in awareness typically also differ in perceptual task performance, e.g. stimulus detection and discrimination. A large body of research demonstrates that task performance and awareness can dissociate, indicating that they are separate mental processes with separate underlying mechanisms. Thus, task performance looms as a potential confound in consciousness science: computational and neural processes attributed to differences in consciousness may actually be better attributed to correlated but distinct differences in task performance. Here we present an extended exploration of the issue of task performance confounds in consciousness research. We describe the approach of performance matching (i.e. creating experimental conditions that yield identical task performance yet different levels of awareness) as a solution to the problem of performance confounds, and discuss why it is not appropriate to artificially match performance by post-hoc selection of trials (e.g. analyzing correct trials only). We review a growing literature demonstrating matched-performance / different-awareness effects using a variety of experimental designs and discuss signal detection theory models that can both explain extant results and guide the design of future research. Finally, we consider caveats and nuances for performance matching approaches and propose that future research could pool across multiple experimental designs with disjoint sets of confounds to triangulate on the confound-free neural substrates of consciousness.

scholarly journals Performance in a GO/NOGO perceptual task reflects a balance between impulsive and instrumental components of behaviour

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Berditchevskaia ◽  
R.D. Cazé ◽  
S.R. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Optimal Regime ◽  
Multiphoton Imaging ◽  
Relative Ease ◽  
Behavioural Performance

AbstractIn recent years, simple GO/NOGO behavioural tasks have become popular due to the relative ease with which they can be combined with technologies such as in vivo multiphoton imaging. To date, it has been assumed that behavioural performance can be captured by the average performance across a session, however this neglects the effect of motivation on behaviour within individual sessions. We investigated the effect of motivation on mice performing a GO/NOGO visual discrimination task. Performance within a session tended to follow a stereotypical trajectory on a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) chart, beginning with an over-motivated state with many false positives, and transitioning through a more or less optimal regime to end with a low hit rate after satiation. Our observations are reproduced by a new model, the Motivated Actor-Critic, introduced here. Our results suggest that standard measures of discriminability, obtained by averaging across a session, may significantly underestimate behavioural performance.

Effects of Concurrent Manual Task Performance on Connected Speech Acoustics in Individuals With Parkinson Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Whitfield ◽  
Zoe Kriegel ◽  
Adam M. Fullenkamp ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Manual Task ◽  
Task Conditions

Purpose Prior investigations suggest that simultaneous performance of more than 1 motor-oriented task may exacerbate speech motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the extent to which performing a low-demand manual task affected the connected speech in individuals with and without PD. Method Individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls performed speech tasks (reading and extemporaneous speech tasks) and an oscillatory manual task (a counterclockwise circle-drawing task) in isolation (single-task condition) and concurrently (dual-task condition). Results Relative to speech task performance, no changes in speech acoustics were observed for either group when the low-demand motor task was performed with the concurrent reading tasks. Speakers with PD exhibited a significant decrease in pause duration between the single-task (speech only) and dual-task conditions for the extemporaneous speech task, whereas control participants did not exhibit changes in any speech production variable between the single- and dual-task conditions. Conclusions Overall, there were little to no changes in speech production when a low-demand oscillatory motor task was performed with concurrent reading. For the extemporaneous task, however, individuals with PD exhibited significant changes when the speech and manual tasks were performed concurrently, a pattern that was not observed for control speakers. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8637008

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