Social Facilitation Effects on Behavioral and Perceptual Task Performance Measures: Implications for Work Behavior

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Ferris ◽  
Kendrith M. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Perceptual Task

Exploring the Effects of Extraversion on Social Facilitation and Vigilance Task Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1216-1220
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Claypoole ◽  
Grace E. Waldfogle ◽  
Alexis R. Neigel ◽  
James L. Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
And Task

Vigilance, or sustained attention, is the ability to maintain attention for extended periods of time. Recently, research on vigilance has focused on identifying individual differences and task design factors that may improve cognitive-based vigilance performance. One such factor is social facilitation, which leads to improved task performance when at least one individual is present. But, relatively little is known about the personality factors, such as extraversion or introversion, which may influence the effects of social presence, and in turn affect vigilance performance. Given this gap in the literature, the present research seeks to determine how personality, specifically extraversion, is related to vigilance performance in the presence of another individual. A total of 39 observers completed a 24-minute vigilance task either alone, in the mere presence of another person, or in the evaluative presence of another person (i.e., an individual monitoring their performance). The results indicated that extraversion was negatively correlated to the proportion of correct detections and sensitivity ( A’).

Status and Evaluation Potential in the Social Facilitation and Impairment of Task Performance

1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin G. Miller ◽  
Marion F. Hurkman ◽  
Jennesse Barker Robinson ◽  
Richard A. Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Effect of Prior Performance Experience before Audiences on a Dominant and Nondominant Motor Response

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lucinda Hollifield
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Rotary Pursuit ◽  
Task Groups ◽  
Prior Performance ◽  
Experience Effects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
Performance Results

The purpose of this study was to determine if children's prior performance experience was a mediating factor in their performance of a dominant or novel task in an audience or no audience situation. Eighty 9-year-old boys were divided into experienced (n = 40) and nonexperienced (n = 40) groups based on prior youth sport experience and the absence of any performance experience before a formal audience. Half of each group learned a rotary pursuit task until they could perform the task with at least 60% accuracy. The other half did not practice the task. Groups were again divided for task performance in an audience or no audience situation so that the following treatments were observed for both experienced and nonexperienced groups: dominant task, no audience; dominant task, evaluative audience; novel task, no audience; novel task, evaluative audience. Task performance for each subject was five 20-sec trials on the photoelectric rotary pursuit task. The mean score of each set of five was used for data analysis. An audience of four passive adults was present in each audience condition and made evaluative notations following each performance. Results of a 2 × 2 × 2 (experience × task dominance × audience) ANOVA failed to support Zajonc's (1965) social facilitation theory and Cottrell's (1968) modification of this theory. The well-learned task was inhibited by the presence of an evaluative audience while performance of a novel task was enhanced. No significant experience effects were evident.

scholarly journals Real-World Media Multitasking Shows Few Effects on Lab-Based Volitional Multitasking Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Lopez ◽  
Joseph M Orr
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Real World ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Media Multitasking ◽  
Desktop Computer ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Computer Environment

Media multitasking (e.g., listening to podcasts while studying) has been linked to decreased executive functioning. However, the tasks used to establish this finding do not approximate a real-world volitional multitasking environment. A novel experimental framework was designed to mimic a desktop computer environment where a “popup” associated with a secondary task would occasionally appear. Participants could select the popup and perform a difficult word stem completion trial or ignore the popup and continue performing the primary task which consisted of math problems. We predicted that individuals who are more impulsive, more frequent media multitaskers, and individuals who prefer to multitask(quantified with self-report questionnaires) would be more distracted by the popups, choose to perform the secondary task more often, and be slower to return to the primary task compared to those who media multitask to a lesser degree. We found that as individuals media multitask to a greater extent, they are slower to return to the previous (primary) task set and are slower to complete the primary task overall whether a popup was present or not, among other task performance measures. Our findings suggest that overall, more frequent media multitaskers show a marginal decrease in task performance, including an increased return cost, but those who prefer to multitask show the opposite pattern of effects with some performance measures. Impulsivity was not found to influence any task performance measures. Further iterations of this paradigm are necessary to elucidate the relationship between media multitasking and task performance, if one exists.

scholarly journals Task Performance Measures: A Cognitive Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Cognitive Perspective

To explore more about task performance in second language acquisition research, how task performance is measured turns out to be an indispensible topic with much concern from different perspectives. The present study takes the cognitive perspective to analyze the measures of the different aspects of task performance, i.e. fluency, complexity, accuracy and lexical performance. It is revealed that for the same construct of performance measures, different features are involved in different indexes. Multivariate measures of the same construct need to be adopted to seek an overall picture of learners’ task performance.

scholarly journals Communication of Visual and Auditory Information and The Coordination of Team Task Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1719-1723
Author(s):  
Adam F. Werner ◽  
Jamie C. Gorman ◽  
Michael J. Crites
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Perceptual Information ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Interpersonal Coordination ◽  
Visual Condition ◽  
Remote Navigation ◽  
Team Task ◽  
Bimodal Condition

Due to lack of visual or auditory perceptual information, many tasks require interpersonal coordination and teaming. Dyadic verbal and/or auditory communication typically results in the two people becoming informationally coupled. This experiment examined coupling by using a two-person remote navigation task where one participant blindly drove a remote-controlled car while another participant provided auditory, visual, or a combination of both cues (bimodal). Under these conditions, we evaluated performance using easy, moderate, and hard task difficulties. We predicted that the visual condition would have higher performance measures overall, and the bimodal condition would have higher performance as difficulty increased. Results indicated that visual coupling performs better overall compared to auditory coupling and that bimodal coupling showed increased performance as task difficulty went from moderate to hard. When auditory coupling occurs, the frequency at which teams communicate affects performance— the faster teams spoke, the better they performed, even with visual communication available.

Toward a More PERMA(nent) Conceptualization of Worker Well-Being?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Jimenez ◽  
Xiaoxiao Hu ◽  
Rebecca Garden ◽  
Xiaofei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
Weak Invariance

Abstract. We examined the factor structure of the recently developed worker well-being measure Workplace PERMA Profiler and relationships between PERMA dimensions (i.e., positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, accomplishment) and job performance (viz., task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors benefiting individuals and the organization at large). The measure exhibited metric (i.e., weak) invariance across samples of participants from the United States ( N = 284) and China ( N = 420). Additionally, for participants who responded to both the Workplace PERMA Profiler and the performance measures, there was a general pattern of positive PERMA–performance relationships across both samples ( NUS = 147; NChina = 202). Overall, the Workplace PERMA Profiler may have problematic psychometric properties and item wordings and thus would benefit from further refinement.

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