scholarly journals Brain connectivity profiles associated with perceptual task performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Johan Nakuci ◽  
Jiwon Yeon ◽  
Ji-Hyun Kim ◽  
Sung-Phil Kim ◽  
Dobromir Rahnev
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Perceptual Task

scholarly journals Intelligence and academic performance: Is it all in your head?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Bottenhorn ◽  
Jessica E. Bartley ◽  
Michael C. Riedel ◽  
Taylor Salo ◽  
Elsa I. Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Instructional Environment ◽  
Physics Course ◽  
Physics Knowledge

AbstractAcademic performance relies, in part, on intelligence; however, intelligence quotient (IQ) is limited in predicting academic success. Furthermore, while the search for the biological seat of intelligence predates neuroscience itself, its findings remain conflicting. Here, we assess the interplay between IQ, academic performance, and brain connectivity with behavioral and functional MRI data collected from undergraduate students as they completed an active learning or lecture-based semester-long university physics course. IQ (i.e., full-scale WAIS scores) increased significantly pre-to post-instruction, were associated with physics knowledge and reasoning measures, but were unrelated to overall course grade. IQ was related to brain connectivity during physics-related cognition, but connectivity did not mediate IQ’s association with task performance. These relations depended on students’ sex and instructional environment, providing evidence that physics classroom environment and pedagogy may have a gendered influence on students’ performance. Discussion focuses on opportunities to improve physics reasoning skills for all students.

scholarly journals Visual Motor and Perceptual Task Performance in Astigmatic Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Harvey ◽  
J. Daniel Twelker ◽  
Joseph M. Miller ◽  
Tina K. Leonard-Green ◽  
Kathleen M. Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Error Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Developmental Test ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
And Control

Purpose. To determine if spectacle corrected and uncorrected astigmats show reduced performance on visual motor and perceptual tasks.Methods. Third through 8th grade students were assigned to the low refractive error control group (astigmatism < 1.00 D, myopia < 0.75 D, hyperopia < 2.50 D, and anisometropia < 1.50 D) or bilateral astigmatism group (right and left eye ≥ 1.00 D) based on cycloplegic refraction. Students completed the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) and Visual Perception (VMIp). Astigmats were randomly assigned to testing with/without correction and control group was tested uncorrected. Analyses compared VMI and VMIp scores for corrected and uncorrected astigmats to the control group.Results. The sample included 333 students (control group 170, astigmats tested with correction 75, and astigmats tested uncorrected 88). Mean VMI score in corrected astigmats did not differ from the control group (p=0.829). Uncorrected astigmats had lower VMI scores than the control group (p=0.038) and corrected astigmats (p=0.007). Mean VMIp scores for uncorrected (p=0.209) and corrected astigmats (p=0.124) did not differ from the control group. Uncorrected astigmats had lower mean scores than the corrected astigmats (p=0.003).Conclusions. Uncorrected astigmatism influences visual motor and perceptual task performance. Previously spectacle treated astigmats do not show developmental deficits on visual motor or perceptual tasks when tested with correction.

scholarly journals Altered dynamics of brain connectivity in major depressive disorder at-rest and during task performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Sambataro ◽  
Eleonora Visintin ◽  
Nadja Doerig ◽  
Janis Brakowski ◽  
Martin Grosse Holtforth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals Task-induced functional brain connectivity mediates the relationship between striatal D2/3 receptors and working memory

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M Nour ◽  
Tarik Dahoun ◽  
Robert A McCutcheon ◽  
Rick A Adams ◽  
Matthew B Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

Working memory performance is thought to depend on both striatal dopamine 2/3 receptors (D2/3Rs) and task-induced functional organisation in key cortical brain networks. Here, we combine functional magnetic resonance imaging and D2/3R positron emission tomography in 51 healthy volunteers, to investigate the relationship between working memory performance, task-induced default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity changes, and striatal D2/3R availability. Increasing working memory load was associated with reduced DMN functional connectivity, which was itself associated with poorer task performance. Crucially, the magnitude of the DMN connectivity reduction correlated with striatal D2/3R availability, particularly in the caudate, and this relationship mediated the relationship between striatal D2/3R availability and task performance. These results inform our understanding of natural variation in working memory performance, and have implications for understanding age-related cognitive decline and cognitive impairments in neuropsychiatric disorders where dopamine signalling is altered.

scholarly journals Spectral slowing is associated with working memory performance in children born very preterm

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Sato ◽  
Sarah I. Mossad ◽  
Simeon M. Wong ◽  
Benjamin A. E. Hunt ◽  
Benjamin T. Dunkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Oscillatory Mechanisms

Abstract Children born very preterm (VPT) often demonstrate selective difficulties in working memory (WM), which may underlie academic difficulties observed in this population. Despite this, few studies have investigated the functional networks underlying WM in young children born VPT, a period when cognitive deficits become apparent. Using magnetoencephalography, we examined the networks underlying the maintenance of visual information in 6-year-old VPT (n = 15) and full-term (FT; n = 20) children. Although task performance was similar, VPT children engaged different oscillatory mechanisms during WM maintenance. Within the FT group, we observed higher mean whole-brain connectivity in the alpha-band during the retention (i.e. maintenance) interval associated with correct compared to incorrect responses. VPT children showed reduced whole-brain alpha synchrony, and a different network organization with fewer connections. In the theta-band, VPT children demonstrated a slight increase in whole-brain connectivity during WM maintenance, and engaged similar network hubs as FT children in the alpha-band, including the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus. These findings suggest that VPT children rely on the theta-band to support similar task performance. Altered oscillatory mechanisms may reflect a less mature pattern of functional recruitment underlying WM in VPT children, which may affect the processing in complex ecological situations.

scholarly journals Confidence guides priority between forthcoming tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Aguilar-Lleyda ◽  
Vincent de Gardelle
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Response Times ◽  
High Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Accuracy Condition ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Do So

AbstractHumans can estimate confidence in their decisions, and there is increasing interest on how this feeling of confidence regulates future behavior. Here, we investigate whether confidence in a perceptual task affects prioritizing future trials of that task, independently of task performance. To do so, we experimentally dissociated confidence from performance. Participants judged whether an array of differently colored circles was closer to blue or red, and we manipulated the mean and variability of the circles’ colors across the array. We first familiarized participants with a low mean low variability condition and a high mean high variability condition, which were matched in performance despite participants being more confident in the former. Then we made participants decide in which order to complete forthcoming trials for both conditions. Crucially, prioritizing one condition was associated with being more confident in that condition compared to the other. This relationship was observed both across participants, by correlating inter-individual heterogeneity in prioritization and in confidence, and within participants, by assessing how changes in confidence with accuracy, condition and response times could predict prioritization choices. Our results suggest that confidence, above and beyond performance, guides prioritization between forthcoming tasks, strengthening the evidence for its role in regulating behavior.

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