Longitudinal change in CT and cognitive measures in Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 151
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Measures

The Differential Influence of Immune, Endocytotic, and Lipid Metabolism Genes on Amyloid Deposition and Neurodegeneration in Subjects at Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Grazia Daniela Femminella ◽  
Denise Harold ◽  
James Scott ◽  
Julie Williams ◽  
Paul Edison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Over 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We categorized these loci into immunity, lipid metabolism, and endocytosis pathways, and associated the polygenic risk scores (PRS) calculated, with AD biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify associations between pathway-specific PRS and AD biomarkers in patients with MCI and healthy controls. Methods: AD biomarkers ([18F]Florbetapir-PET SUVR, FDG-PET SUVR, hippocampal volume, CSF tau and amyloid-β levels) and neurocognitive tests scores were obtained in 258 healthy controls and 451 MCI subjects from the ADNI dataset at baseline and at 24-month follow up. Pathway-related (immunity, lipid metabolism, and endocytosis) and total polygenic risk scores were calculated from 20 SNPs. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test predictive value of the polygenic risk scores over longitudinal biomarker and cognitive changes. Results: Higher immune risk score was associated with worse cognitive measures and reduced glucose metabolism. Higher lipid risk score was associated with increased amyloid deposition and cortical hypometabolism. Total, immune, and lipid scores were associated with significant changes in cognitive measures, amyloid deposition, and brain metabolism. Conclusion: Polygenic risk scores highlights the influence of specific genes on amyloid-dependent and independent pathways; and these pathways could be differentially influenced by lipid and immune scores respectively.

Handwriting in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Margarete Delazer ◽  
Laura Zamarian ◽  
Atbin Djamshidian
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Writing Difficulties ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Diagnostic Values

Background: Agraphia is a typical feature in the clinical course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: Assess the differences between AD and normal aging as regards kinematographic features of handwriting and elucidate writing deficits in AD. Methods: The study included 23 patients with AD (78.09 years/SD = 7.12; MMSE 21.39/SD = 3.61) and 34 healthy controls (75.56 years/SD = 5.85; MMSE 29.06/SD = 0.78). Both groups performed alphabetical and non-alphabetical writing tasks. The kinematographic assessment included the average number of inversions per stroke (NIV; number of peaks in the velocity profile in a single up or down stroke), percentage of automated segments, frequency (average number of strokes per second), writing pressure, and writing velocity on paper. Results: A total of 14 patients showed overt writing difficulties reflected by omissions or substitutions of letters. AD patients showed less automated movements (as measured by NIV), lower writing velocity, and lower frequency of up-and-down strokes in non-alphabetical as well as in alphabetical writing. In the patient group, Spearman correlation analysis between overt writing performance and NIV was significant. That means patients who had less errors in writing a sentence showed a higher automaticity in handwriting. The correctness of alphabetical writing and some kinematographic measures in writing non-alphabetical material reached excellent diagnostic values in ROC analyses. There was no difference in the application of pressure on the pen between patients and controls. Conclusion: Writing disorders are multi-componential in AD and not strictly limited to one processing level. The slow and poorly automated execution of motor programs is not bound to alphabetical material.

scholarly journals Assessing visuo-constructive functions in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease with the Vienna Visuo-Constructional Test 3.0 (VVT 3.0)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Valencia ◽  
Johann Lehrner
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

Summary Background Visuo-Constructive functions have considerable potential for the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease. Objectives Using the Vienna Visuo-Constructional Test 3.0 (VVT 3.0), we measured visuo-constructive functions in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and healthy controls to determine whether VVT performance can be used to distinguish these groups. Materials and methods Data of 671 participants was analyzed comparing scores across diagnostic groups and exploring associations with relevant clinical variables. Predictive validity was assessed using Receiver Operator Characteristic curves and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results We found significant differences between AD and the other groups. Identification of cases suffering from visuo-constructive impairment was possible using VVT scores, but these did not permit classification into diagnostic subgroups. Conclusions In summary, VVT scores are useful indicators for visuo-constructive impairment but face challenges when attempting to discriminate between several diagnostic groups.

scholarly journals Generation of three human iPSC lines from patients with a spontaneous late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and three sex- and age-matched healthy controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 102378
Author(s):  
Jan Raska ◽  
Hana Klimova ◽  
Katerina Sheardova ◽  
Veronika Fedorova ◽  
Hana Hribkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Human Ipsc

scholarly journals Attention and inhibition in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Clara Zancada-Menéndez ◽  
Patricia Sampedro-Piquero ◽  
Azucena Begega ◽  
Laudino López ◽  
Jorge Luis Arias
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Healthy Controls

Mild cognitive impairment is understood as a cognitive deficit of insufficient severity to fulfil the criteria for Alzheimer’s disease. Many studies have attempted to identify which cognitive functions are most affected by this type of impairment and which is the most sensitive neuropsychological test for early detection. This study investigated sustained and selective attention, processing speed, and the inhibition process using a sample of people divided into three groups mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease and cognitively healthy controls selected and grouped based on their scores in the Mini Mental State Examination and Cambridge Cognitive Examination-revised. Three tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (Motor Screening Task, Stop Signal Task and Reaction time) were used as well as the d2 attention test. The results show that that participants with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease showed lower levels of concentration compared with the cognitively healthy controls group in the d2 test and longer reaction times in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, although the differences were not marked in the latter test. The impairments in basic cognitive processes, such as reaction time and sustained attention, indicate the need to take these functions into account in the test protocols when discriminating between normal aging and early and preclinical dementia processes.

A cancellation test: its reliability in assessing attentional deficits in Alzheimer's disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Della Sala ◽  
Marcella Laiacona ◽  
Hans Spinnler ◽  
Chiara Ubezio
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Selective Attention Deficits ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Discriminant Power ◽  
Frontal Lobe Lesion

SynopsisThe aim of the study is to provide (i) a standardized procedure for a Cancellation Test of Digits, designed to assess in the visual modality selective attention deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and (ii) a detailed analysis of how patients cope with it.Age-, education-, and sex-adjusted normative scores earned by 352 healthy controls are set forth, as well as data yielded by the Digit Cancellation Test in 74 Alzheimer patients, in 26 patients with a CT-assessed frontal lobe lesion and in a group of 24 healthy subjects urged to perform the task with a shortened time-constraint. Findings include discriminant power of Alzheimer patients versus healthy controls, sensitivity to cognitive evolution of the dementing process and analysis of errors. Attention data failed to supply psychometric support for the posterior-to-anterior algorithm of progressive cortical encroachment of Alzheimer's disease suggested by PET-findings.Emphasis is put on methodological aspects of neuropsychological research on Alzheimer patients and on the analysis of processing components of the tests employed. Results are discussed in the light of the relationships between psychometric assessments and related functions, and underlying neuronal degeneration.

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