Coding of gustatory information in the pontine parabrachial nuclei of the rabbit: Magnitude of neural response

1982 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Di Lorenzo ◽  
J.S. Schwartzbaum
Keyword(s):  
Neural Response ◽  
Parabrachial Nuclei ◽  
Gustatory Information

Taste-responsive neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract receive gustatory information from both sides of the tongue in the hamster

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. R372-R381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Shu Li ◽  
Limin Mao ◽  
Young K. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Subjective Change ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Parabrachial Nuclei ◽  
Excitatory Responses ◽  
Gustatory Information ◽  
Taste Stimulation ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions ◽  
Taste Experience

Taste receptors on the left and right sides of the anterior tongue are innervated by chorda tympani (CT) fibers, which carry taste information to the ipsilateral nucleus of the solitary tract (NST). Although the anterior tongue is essential for taste, patients with unilateral CT nerve damage often report no subjective change in their taste experience. The standing theory that explains the taste constancy is the “release of inhibition”, which hypothesizes that within the NST there are inhibitory interactions between inputs from the CT and glossopharyngeal nerves and that the loss of taste information from the CT is compensated by a release of inhibition on the glossopharyngeal nerve input. However, the possibility of compensation by taste input from the other side of the tongue has never been investigated in rodents. We recorded from 95 taste-responsive neurons in the NST and examined their responsiveness to stimulation of the contralateral CT. Forty-six cells were activated, mostly with excitatory responses (42 cells). Activation of NST cells induced by contralateral CT stimulation was blocked by microinjection of lidocaine into the contralateral NST but was not affected by anesthetization of the contralateral parabrachial nuclei (PbN). In addition, the NST cells that were activated by contralateral CT stimulation showed reduced responsiveness to taste stimulation after microinjection of lidocaine into the contralateral NST. These results demonstrate that nearly half of the taste neurons in the NST receive gustatory information from both sides of the tongue. This “cross talk” between bilateral NST may also contribute to the “taste constancy”.

Modulation of activity of gustatory neurons in the hamster parabrachial nuclei by electrical stimulation of the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. R1461-R1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Mao ◽  
Young K. Cho ◽  
Cheng-Shu Li
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Efferent Projection ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Parabrachial Nuclei ◽  
Gustatory Information ◽  
Ventroposteromedial Nucleus ◽  
Gustatory Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Of

The parvicellular part of the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPMpc) is positioned at the key site between the gustatory parabrachial nuclei (PbN) and the gustatory cortex for relaying and processing gustatory information via the thalamocortical pathway. Although neuroanatomical and electrophysiological studies have provided information regarding the gustatory projection from PbN to VPMpc, the exact relationship between PbN and VPMpc, especially the efferent projection involving VPMpc to PbN, is obscure. Here we investigated the reciprocal connection between these two gustatory relays in urethane-anesthetized hamsters. We recorded from 114 taste-responsive neurons in the PbN and examined their responsiveness to electrical stimulation of the VPMpc bilaterally. Stimulation of either or both of the ipsilateral or contralateral VPMpc antidromically activated 109 gustatory PbN neurons. Seventy-two PbN neurons were antidromically activated after stimulation of both sides of the VPMpc, indicating that taste neurons in the PbN project heavily to the bilateral VPMpc. Stimulation of VPMpc also orthodromically activated 110 of PbN neurons, including 106 VPMpc projection neurons. Seventy-eight neurons were orthodromically activated bilaterally. Among orthodromic activations of the PbN cells, the inhibitory response was the dominant response; 106 cells were inhibited, including 10 neurons that were also excited contralaterally, indicating that taste neurons in the PbN are subject to strong inhibitory control from VPMpc. Moreover, stimulation of VPMpc altered taste responses of the neurons in the PbN, indicating that VPMpc modulates taste responses of PbN neurons. These results may provide functional insight of neural circuitry for taste processing and modulation involving these two nuclei.

Allometry of Neural Response to Threat in Chickadees is Learned

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Sturdy ◽  
Marc T. Avey ◽  
Marisa Hoeschele ◽  
Michele K. Moscicki ◽  
Laurie L. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Neural Response

Visual Attention and Neural Response to Faces in Children With Autism

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mcpartland ◽  
Danielle Perszyk ◽  
Michael Crowley ◽  
Adam Naples ◽  
Linda C. Mayes
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Neural Response

scholarly journals Neural Response to Monetary and Social Feedback Demonstrate Differential Associations with Depression and Social Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady D Nelson ◽  
Johanna M Jarcho
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Differential Association ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Social Tasks ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
Trial Structure

Abstract An aberrant neural response to rewards has been linked to both depression and social anxiety. Most studies have focused on the neural response to monetary rewards, and few have tested different modalities of reward (e.g., social) that are more salient to particular forms of psychopathology. In addition, most studies contain critical confounds, including contrasting positive and negative feedback and failing to disentangle being correct from obtaining positive feedback. In the present study, 204 participants underwent electroencephalography during monetary and social feedback tasks that were matched in trial structure, timing, and feedback stimuli. The reward positivity (RewP) was measured in response to correctly identifying stimuli that resulted in monetary win, monetary loss, social like, or social dislike feedback. All monetary and social tasks elicited a RewP, which were positively correlated. Across all tasks, the RewP was negatively associated with depression and positively associated with social anxiety. The RewP to social dislike feedback, independent of monetary and social like feedback, was also associated with social anxiety. The present study suggests that a domain-general neural response to correct feedback demonstrates a differential association with depression and social anxiety, but a domain-specific neural response to social dislike feedback is uniquely associated with social anxiety.

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