Classical conditioning induces CS-specific receptive field plasticity in the auditory cortex of the guinea pig

1990 ◽  
Vol 536 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Bakin ◽  
Norman M. Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Auditory Cortex

scholarly journals Plasticity in the Rat Posterior Auditory Field Following Nucleus Basalis Stimulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Puckett ◽  
Pritesh K. Pandya ◽  
Raluca Moucha ◽  
WeiWei Dai ◽  
Michael P. Kilgard
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Field Size ◽  
High Frequency Region ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Frequency Tone ◽  
Auditory Field

Classical conditioning paradigms have been shown to cause frequency-specific plasticity in both primary and secondary cortical areas. Previous research demonstrated that repeated pairing of nucleus basalis (NB) stimulation with a tone results in plasticity in primary auditory cortex (A1), mimicking the changes observed after classical conditioning. However, few studies have documented the effects of similar paradigms in secondary cortical areas. The purpose of this study was to quantify plasticity in the posterior auditory field (PAF) of the rat after NB stimulation paired with a high-frequency tone. NB–tone pairing increased the frequency selectivity of PAF sites activated by the paired tone. This frequency-specific receptive field size narrowing led to a reorganization of PAF such that responses to low- and mid-frequency tones were reduced by 40%. Plasticity in A1 was consistent with previous studies—pairing a high-frequency tone with NB stimulation expanded the high-frequency region of the frequency map. Receptive field sizes did not change, but characteristic frequencies in A1 were shifted after NB–tone pairing. These results demonstrate that experience-dependent plasticity can take different forms in both A1 and secondary auditory cortex.

Spectrotemporal Receptive Field Properties of Single Units in the Primary, Dorsocaudal and Ventrorostral Auditory Cortex of the Guinea Pig

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Rutkowski ◽  
Trevor M. Shackleton ◽  
Jan W.H. Schnupp ◽  
Mark N. Wallace ◽  
Alan R. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Receptive Field Properties ◽  
Spectrotemporal Receptive Field

Heterogeneous Neuronal Responses to Frequency-Modulated Tones in the Primary Auditory Cortex of Awake Cats

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1622-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Qin ◽  
JingYu Wang ◽  
Yu Sato
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Discrete Response ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Awake Cats ◽  
Sweep Speed

Previous studies in anesthetized animals reported that the primary auditory cortex (A1) showed homogenous phasic responses to FM tones, namely a transient response to a particular instantaneous frequency when FM sweeps traversed a neuron's tone-evoked receptive field (TRF). Here, in awake cats, we report that A1 cells exhibit heterogeneous FM responses, consisting of three patterns. The first is continuous firing when a slow FM sweep traverses the receptive field of a cell with a sustained tonal response. The duration and amplitude of FM response decrease with increasing sweep speed. The second pattern is transient firing corresponding to the cell's phasic tonal response. This response could be evoked only by a fast FM sweep through the cell's TRF, suggesting a preference for fast FM. The third pattern was associated with the off response to pure tones and was composed of several discrete response peaks during slow FM stimulus. These peaks were not predictable from the cell's tonal response but reliably reflected the time when FM swept across specific frequencies. Our A1 samples often exhibited a complex response pattern, combining two or three of the basic patterns above, resulting in a heterogeneous response population. The diversity of FM responses suggests that A1 use multiple mechanisms to fully represent the whole range of FM parameters, including frequency extent, sweep speed, and direction.

Functional Organization of Squirrel Monkey Primary Auditory Cortex: Responses to Pure Tones

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1732-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Cheung ◽  
Purvis H. Bedenbaugh ◽  
Srikantan S. Nagarajan ◽  
Christoph E. Schreiner
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Complex Sound ◽  
Sound Coding ◽  
Field Gradients ◽  
Pure Tones

The spatial organization of response parameters in squirrel monkey primary auditory cortex (AI) accessible on the temporal gyrus was determined with the excitatory receptive field to pure tone stimuli. Dense, microelectrode mapping of the temporal gyrus in four animals revealed that characteristic frequency (CF) had a smooth, monotonic gradient that systematically changed from lower values (0.5 kHz) in the caudoventral quadrant to higher values (5–6 kHz) in the rostrodorsal quadrant. The extent of AI on the temporal gyrus was ∼4 mm in the rostrocaudal axis and 2–3 mm in the dorsoventral axis. The entire length of isofrequency contours below 6 kHz was accessible for study. Several independent, spatially organized functional response parameters were demonstrated for the squirrel monkey AI. Latency, the asymptotic minimum arrival time for spikes with increasing sound pressure levels at CF, was topographically organized as a monotonic gradient across AI nearly orthogonal to the CF gradient. Rostral AI had longer latencies (range = 4 ms). Threshold and bandwidth co-varied with the CF. Factoring out the contribution of the CF on threshold variance, residual threshold showed a monotonic gradient across AI that had higher values (range = 10 dB) caudally. The orientation of the threshold gradient was significantly different from the CF gradient. CF-corrected bandwidth, residual Q10, was spatially organized in local patches of coherent values whose loci were specific for each monkey. These data support the existence of multiple, overlying receptive field gradients within AI and form the basis to develop a conceptual framework to understand simple and complex sound coding in mammals.

Modulatory Effect of Cortical Activation on the Lemniscal Auditory Thalamus of the Guinea Pig

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 1040-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jufang He ◽  
Yan-Qin Yu ◽  
Ying Xiong ◽  
Tsutomu Hashikawa ◽  
Ying-Shing Chan
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Firing Pattern ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Electrical Activation ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Thalamic Neurons ◽  
Auditory Thalamus ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Corticofugal Modulation

In the present study, we investigated the point-to-point modulatory effects from the auditory cortex to the thalamus in the guinea pig. Corticofugal modulation on thalamic neurons was studied by electrical activation of the auditory cortex. The modulation effect was sampled along the frontal or sagittal planes of the auditory thalamus, focusing on the ventral division (MGv) of the medial geniculate body (MGB). Electrical activation was targeted at the anterior and dorsocaudal auditory fields, to which the MGv projects and from which it assumptively receives reciprocal projections. Of the 101 MGv neurons examined by activation of the auditory cortex through passing pulse trains of 100–200 μA current into one after another of the three implanted electrodes (101 neurons × 3 stimulation sites = 303 cases), 208 cases showed a facilitatory effect, 85 showed no effect, and only 10 cases (7 neurons) showed an inhibitory effect. Among the cases of facilitation, 63 cases showed a facilitatory effect >100%, and 145 cases showed a facilitatory effect from 20–100%. The corticofugal modulatory effect on the MGv of the guinea pig showed a widespread, strong facilitatory effect and very little inhibitory effect. The MGv neurons showed the greatest facilitations to stimulation by the cortical sites, with the closest correspondence in BF. Six of seven neurons showed an elevation of the rate-frequency functions when the auditory cortex was activated. The comparative results of the corticofugal modulatory effects on the MGv of the guinea pig and the cat, together with anatomical findings, hint that the strong facilitatory effect is generated through the strong corticothalamic direct connection and that the weak inhibitory effect might be mainly generated via the interneurons of the MGv. The temporal firing pattern of neuronal response to auditory stimulus was also modulated by cortical stimulation. The mean first-spike latency increased significantly from 15.7 ± 5.3 ms with only noise-burst stimulus to 18.3 ± 4.9 ms ( n = 5, P < 0.01, paired t-test), while the auditory cortex was activated with a train of 10 pulses. Taking these results together with those of previous experiments conducted on the cat, we speculate that the relatively weaker inhibitory effect compared with that in the cat could be due to the smaller number of interneurons in the guinea pig MGB. The corticofugal modulation of the firing pattern of the thalamic neurons might enable single neurons to encode more auditory information using not only the firing rate but also the firing pattern.

scholarly journals Responses in the Inferior Colliculus of the Guinea Pig to Concurrent Harmonic Series and the Effect of Inactivation of Descending Controls

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 2050-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle T. Nakamoto ◽  
Trevor M. Shackleton ◽  
Alan R. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Harmonic Series ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Spike Response ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Communication Calls

One of the fundamental questions of auditory research is how sounds are segregated because, in natural environments, multiple sounds tend to occur at the same time. Concurrent sounds, such as two talkers, physically add together and arrive at the ear as a single input sound wave. The auditory system easily segregates this input into a coherent percept of each of the multiple sources. A common feature of speech and communication calls is their harmonic structure and in this report we used two harmonic complexes to study the role of the corticofugal pathway in the processing of concurrent sounds. We demonstrate that, in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the anesthetized guinea pig, deactivation of the auditory cortex altered the temporal and/or the spike response to the concurrent, monaural harmonic complexes. More specifically, deactivating the auditory cortex altered the representation of the relative level of the complexes. This suggests that the auditory cortex modulates the representation of the level of two harmonic complexes in the IC. Since sound level is a cue used in the segregation of auditory input, the corticofugal pathway may play a role in this segregation.

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