The repair of large peripheral nerves using skeletal muscle autografts: a comparison with cable grafts in the sheep femoral nerve

In Russia, there is a high level of alcohol consumption among women in doses that represent a high risk of developing alcoholic diseases, manifested, in particular, by damage to skeletal muscles.The purpose of the study. Analysis of clinical, biochemical, neurophysiological, as well as morphometric and immunohistochemical features of alcoholic skeletal muscle damage in women with chronic alcohol intoxication.Material and methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of 30 women aged 20 to 60 years with chronic alcohol intoxication was performed, which included the determination of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in blood plasma, stimulation and needle electromyography (EMG), as well as morphological and immunohistochemical examination of biopsies of the quadriceps femoris.Results. Myopathic syndrome in the form of proximal para-or tetraparesis was observed in 73.3% of the examined women in combination with a decrease in IGF-1 at normal values of CPK in blood plasma. The EMG results indicated the absence of changes in the parameters of the potentials of motor units, characteristic of primary muscular lesions, and of conduction disturbances along the femoral nerve. Morphometric and immunohistochemical studies of skeletal muscle biopsies showed a decrease in the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers of types I and II without signs of muscle tissue necrosis.Conclusion. Chronic alcoholic myopathy is a common manifestation of alcoholic disease in women with long-term alcohol intoxication. The severity of the atrophic process in the skeletal muscle is comparable to the degree of proximal paresis. Violations of systemic protein synthesis and acceleration of apoptosis are considered as pathogenetic mechanisms of the atrophic process in the muscles in chronic alcoholic myopathy in women.

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Degeneration of skeletal muscle, peripheral nerves, and the central nervous system in transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type prion proteins

Cell ◽

10.1016/0092-8674(94)90177-5 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 117-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 233

Author(s):

David Westaway ◽

Stephen J. DeArmond ◽

Juliana Cayetano-Canlas ◽

Darlene Groth ◽

Dallas Foster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Transgenic Mice ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Prion Proteins ◽

Wild Type ◽

The Central Nervous System

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64 Surgical Exposure of Peripheral Nerves of the Lower Extremity: Part II-Femoral Nerve, Saphenous Nerve, Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve, and Sural Nerve

Spine and Peripheral Nerves ◽

10.1055/b-0034-84033 ◽

2007 ◽

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Sural Nerve ◽

Femoral Nerve ◽

Saphenous Nerve ◽

Cutaneous Nerve ◽

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve ◽

Surgical Exposure ◽

Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

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Regional anaesthesia of the lower limb

10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0055 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Pawan Gupta ◽

Anurag Vats

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Femoral Nerve ◽

Epidural Haematoma ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Success Rates ◽

Nerve Blocks ◽

Peripheral Nerve Stimulator

Lower limb nerve blocks gained popularity with the introduction of better nerve localization techniques such as peripheral nerve stimulation and ultrasound. A combination of lower limb peripheral nerve blocks can provide anaesthesia and analgesia of the entire lower limb. Lower limb blocks, as compared to central neuraxial blocks, do not affect blood pressure, can be used in sick patients, provide longer-lasting analgesia, avoid the risk of epidural haematoma or urinary retention, provide better patient satisfaction, and have acceptable success rates in experienced hands. Detailed knowledge of the relevant anatomy is essential before performing any nerve blocks in the lower limb as the nerve plexuses and the peripheral nerves are deep and obscured by bony structures and large muscles. The lumbosacral plexus provides sensory and motor innervation to the superficial tissues, muscles, and bones of the lower limb. This chapter covers different approaches and techniques for lower limb blocks, that is, the lumbar plexus, femoral nerve, fascia iliaca, saphenous nerve, sciatic nerve, popliteal nerve, ankle block, forefoot block, and the intra-articular infusion of local anaesthetics. Both peripheral nerve stimulator- and ultrasound-guided approaches are discussed. The use of ultrasound guidance is suggested as it helps in reducing the dose of local anaesthetic required and can ensure circumferential spread of local anaesthetic around peripheral nerves, which hastens the onset of block and improves success rate.

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In situ PCO2 in the renal cortex, liver, muscle, and brain of the New Zealand white rabbit

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1984.247.3.f491 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 247 (3) ◽

pp. F491-F498

Author(s):

R. J. Hogg ◽

L. R. Pucacco ◽

N. W. Carter ◽

A. R. Laptook ◽

J. P. Kokko

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Cerebral Cortex ◽

New Zealand ◽

Renal Cortex ◽

Femoral Nerve ◽

Zealand White Rabbit ◽

Organ Specificity ◽

Arterial Pco2 ◽

Venous Pco2

Recent studies have shown that in situ PCO2 in rat renal cortical structures far exceeds systemic arterial PCO2. These results were opposite to previous assumptions that renal proximal tubule fluid PCO2 approximated arterial PCO2. The present studies examined the species and organ specificity of the elevated PCO2 in 39 New Zealand White rabbits studied under normal acid-base conditions. In situ PCO2 was measured in renal cortex, superficial hepatic parenchyma, skeletal muscle, superficial cerebral cortex, and femoral nerve, artery, and vein. The results showed rabbit renal cortical PCO2 (57.2 +/- 1.2 mmHg) to be higher than both systemic arterial (39.1 +/- 2.0 mmHg) and venous PCO2 (45.4 +/- 2.1 mmHg). Similarly, liver PCO2 (64.1 +/- 3.5 mmHg) was found to be significantly higher than systemic arterial and venous PCO2 and also higher than portal and hepatic vein PCO2. Skeletal muscle, cerebral cortex, and femoral nerve PCO2 levels were usually greater than systemic arterial PCO2 but less than systemic venous PCO2. These observations show that in situ PCO2 is significantly elevated above afferent and efferent blood PCO2 in the kidney and liver but not in muscle or brain. A possible explanation for these findings in the former two organs may be high CO2 production and/or trapping of CO2 by their vascular systems.

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Expression Of Cytokeratin 18 In The Peripheral Nerves

Folia Veterinaria ◽

10.1515/fv-2016-0011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 5-10

Author(s):

E. Marettová

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Cytokeratin 18 ◽

Ductus Deferens ◽

Nerve Sheath ◽

Myelinated Nerves ◽

Perineurial Cells ◽

Perineurial Sheath

Abstract The perineurium constitutes the basis for the regulation of endoneurial fluid homeostasis. In the work presented here, cytokeratin 18, as an immunohistochemical marker for epithelial cells, was used to identify the perineurium in the peripheral nerves of two species. Two organs, rich in peripheral nerves, were used; the tongue of the bull and the ductus deferens of the male goat. Special attention was paid to one of the the nerve sheath cells - the perineurial cells of myelinated nerves in the skeletal muscle of the tongue and in the smooth muscle in the wall of the ductus deferens. A positive reaction to cytokeratin 18 was found in the perineurial cells of the perineurial sheath in the nerves of various sizes. No difference in the reactivity was observed between the peripheral nerves of the tongue and that of the ductus deferens.

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Chlordecone intoxication in man: II. Ultrastructure of peripheral nerves and skeletal muscle

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.28.7.631 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 28 (7) ◽

pp. 631-631 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A. J. MARTINEZ ◽

J. R. TAYLOR ◽

P. J. DYCK ◽

S. A. HOUFF ◽

E. ISAACS

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Peripheral Nerves

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Defining the minimal effective volume and amount of lidocaine to perform a femoral nerve block under ultrasound control

10.21203/rs.2.15746/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Valery Piacherski ◽

Aliaksei Marachkou

Keyword(s):

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Nerve Block ◽

Local Anesthetics ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Femoral Nerve Block ◽

Femoral Nerve ◽

The Body ◽

Effective Volume ◽

Nerve Blocks ◽

Nerve Blockade

Abstract BackgroundThe application of the combination of local anesthetics (LA) in some parts of the body increases the amount of LA and plasma concentration. The aim of our research was to define the minimal effective volume and amount of lidocaine with added adrenaline (1:200,000) to perform a femoral nerve block under ultrasound control and with neurostimulation. MethodsFemoral nerve blockade was performed with the following lidocaine solutions: 0.75% -10 ml, 7.5 ml; 1% -20ml, 15ml, 10ml, 7.5ml, 5ml; 1.5% -5ml, 4ml; 2% -5 ml, 4 ml; 3% -5ml, 4ml, 3ml; 4% -5 ml, 4 ml, 3 ml, 2.5 ml. All blocks were performed with added adrenaline (1:200,000). In all, 181 blocks of the femoral nerve, in combination with sciatic nerve blocks, were carried out with the help of the electrostimulation of peripheral nerves, and under ultrasound. The quality of motor and sensory blocks was assessed after 45 min of administration of the femoral nerve block. ResultsA total of 181 femoral nerve blocks, in combination with sciatic nerve blocks, were used via the help of electrostimulation of the peripheral nerves (EPN), and under ultrasound (US) control. The femoral nerve blockade was effective with the following lidocaine solutions: 0.75% -10 ml (75mg); 1% -20ml, 15ml, 10ml, 7.5ml (75mg); 1.5% -5ml (75mg); 2% -5 ml (100 mg); 3% -5ml (150mg); 4% -5 ml (200mg). Femoral blockade was ineffective when using the following solutions of lidocaine: 0.75% - 7.5ml (56.25 mg); 1% - 5ml (50mg); 1.5% - 4ml (60mg, No spread along the entire circumference of the nerve - NSAECN); 2% - 4 ml (80mg, NSAECN); 3% - 4ml (120mg NSAECN), 3 ml; 4% - 4 ml (160 mg, NSAECN), 3 ml, 2.5 ml. ConclusionFor a complete motor and sensory block of the femoral nerve: the minimum effective volume of local anesthetics was 5 ml; and the minimum effective amount of lidocaine was 75 mg. А complete block of the femoral nerve was achieved only with the spreading of local anesthetic along the whole circumference of the femoral nerve.

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