Essential hypertension: The relationship of psychological factors to the severity of hypertension

Introduction: The relationship of renal haemodynamics with cardiac and aortic hameodynamics is still unclear. Hypothesis: We evaluated the relationship of increased renal resistive index (RRI) with Augmentation index (AIx) and cardiac haemodynamics by means of mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/Ea) in untreated patients with essential hypertension. Methods: 76 newly diagnosed untreated non diabetic patients with stage I-II essential hypertension [35 males, aged 50 years, office blood pressure (BP) = 143/ 91 mm Hg], underwent ABPM, complete echocardiographic study for determination of E/Ea and blood sampling for assessment of metabolic profile. Moreover, data on renal resistive index (RRI), obtained by Doppler ultrasound sampling of the intrarenal arteries, as well as augmentation index (AIx), were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Based on the mean value of RRI (0.60), hypertensives were classified into those with high and low RRI. Hypertensives with high RRI values compared to those with low values were older (55.6±9.8 vs 44.4±11.6 years, p < 0.001), had lower 24-hour diastolic BP (77.5±7.7 vs 84.3±6.7 mmHg, p < 0.001), lower 24-hour HR (71.2±10.3 vs 76.2±9.2 bpm, p < 0.05), higher levels of AIx (27.2±8.2 vs 17.8±14.8 %, p < 0.01), and higher values of E/Ea (lateral) (7.7±1.8 vs 6.2±2.3, p < 0.05). In the total population, RRI was negatively related to 24-hour diastolic BP (r = -0.523, p < 0.001) and 24-hour HR (r = -0.281, p < 0.05), while it was positively associated with CRP (r = 0.335, p < 0.05), TChol (r = 0.296, p < 0.01), age (r = 0.443, r < 0.001), AIx (r = 0.413, p = 0.001) and E/Ea(lateral) (r = 0.465, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 24-hour diastolic BP and E/Ea (lateral) were independent associated with RRI (R2 = 0.434, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Increased vascular resistance of intrarenal arteries is associated with impaired aortic and cardiac haemodynamics, as reflected by increased AIx and E/Ea (lateral) values. RRI may be considered a useful surrogate of haemodynamics in essential hypertension.

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The Relationship of Blood Pressure to Hospitalization, Dietary Sodium and Serum Renin in Essential Hypertension

Angiology ◽

10.1177/000331977002100202 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 75-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Daniel K. Bloomfield ◽

Anne B. Gould ◽

JOSE L. Cangiano ◽

Victor Vertes

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Human Serum ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Dietary Sodium ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Methods Of Measurement ◽

Sensitive Method

A direct relationship between the level of renin in the blood and the height of the blood pressure in humans has not been definitely established. Hitherto, the development of methods of measurement of renin has been fraught with great technical difficulties. Recently, Gould et al. developed a sensitive method for the assay of renin in human serum. The use of this method has enabled us to undertake a study of the relationship of the level of circulating renin in the blood to the height of the blood pressure under various conditions in patients with essential hypertension. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the level of circulating renin in the blood and the fall of blood pressure which occurs as a result of hospitalization and reduction of dietary sodium.

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Is the Relationship of RPE to Psychological Factors Intensity-Dependent?

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000174897.25739.3c ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 1365-1373 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

ERIC E. HALL ◽

PANTELEIMON EKKEKAKIS ◽

STEVEN J. PETRUZZELLO

Keyword(s):

Psychological Factors ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Ki+-Na+o Countertransport in Erythrocytes of Patients with Essential Hypertension

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs061011s ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (s7) ◽

pp. 11s-12s ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. Adragna ◽

M. Canessa ◽

I. Bize ◽

H. Solomon ◽

D. C. Tosteson

Keyword(s):

Essential Hypertension ◽

Intracellular Calcium ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Human Erythrocytes ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Tentative Hypothesis ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

In Cells

1. We describe in this paper a new ouabain-insensitive pathway for Na+ and K+ in human erythrocytes. K+ efflux was measured in cells loaded by the p-chloromercuribenzene-sulphonate (PCMBS) procedure to contain approximately equal amounts of Na+ and K+. K+ efflux was stimulated by external Na+ in the presence of ouabain and frusemide. Na+-stimulated K+ efflux was 0.35 ± 0.12 (mmol h−1 l−1 of cells) in eight normal subjects and 0.64 ± 0.13 in 13 patients with essential hypertension. 2. The Na+-stimulated K+ efflux was not observed in cells loaded in the presence of EGTA. This inhibition by EGTA suggests that K+ efflux is dependent on intracellular calcium. The Ki+-Nao+ countertransport of hypertensive patients was also inhibited by EGTA. The elevated K+—Na+ countertransport of hypertensive patients could be due to a higher intracellular Ca2+ content (Cai2+) or to an increased affinity for Cai2+. The relationship of this pathway to the Gardos effect is not clear since Na+-stimulated K+ efflux occurs without metabolic depletion or inhibition of the Ca2+ pump. As a tentative hypothesis, we relate the Ca2+-dependent downhill movement of K+ and Na+ to the Ca2+-dependent channels described in muscle and nerve, but other hypotheses cannot be excluded at this stage of our research.

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The Relationship of Dose to the Antihypertensive Response of Verapamil-Sustained Release in Patients with Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1002/j.1552-4604.1989.tb03269.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 1003-1007 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

F. Gilbert Mcmahon ◽

Robert F. Reder ◽

Keyword(s):

Essential Hypertension ◽

Sustained Release ◽

Moderate Essential Hypertension ◽

Antihypertensive Response ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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The Relationship of Social, Economic and Psychological Factors to Domestic Violence against Children in the region of Al-Jawf of Saudi Arabiatic

Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] ◽

10.24200/jass.vol8iss3pp43-56 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Salim Al-Quisi ◽

AbdelMohsen Sharari

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Public Schools ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Social Economic ◽

Violence Against Children ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Islamic Religion ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The study aimed to identify the relationship of social, economic and psychological factors to the domestic violence against children in the region of Jawf Saudi Arabia. The study sample consisted of 150 educational advisors in the public schools. The study showed that there is a statistically significant relationship to social and psychological factors in physical, psychological and negligence violence against children in the region of Jawf Saudi Arabia, while economic factors showed insignificant effect. The most important implications of violence against children are as follow: Lack of self-confidence, introverted and not responding to any exciting, anxiety, fear, appearance neglect, aggression, desire for revenge, stubbornness, various injuries because of the lack of care and supervision, isolation, insecurity, hatred, shame, and smoking cigarettes. The study recommended proper family upbringing methods based on democracy compatible with our Islamic religion instead of the authoritarian upbringing methods in order to avoid the practice of domestic violence against children.

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Relationship of growth differentiation factor-15 with aortic stiffness in essential hypertension

Future Science OA ◽

10.2144/fsoa-2019-0029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. FSO406 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Erdoğan Sökmen ◽

Cahit Uçar ◽

Serkan Sivri ◽

Mustafa Çelik ◽

Kenan Güçlü

Keyword(s):

Essential Hypertension ◽

Aortic Stiffness ◽

Aortic Distensibility ◽

The Other ◽

Aortic Elasticity ◽

Differentiation Factor ◽

Echocardiographic Parameters ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Aortic Strain

Aim: We aimed to assess the relationship between echocardiographic parameters of aortic elasticity, namely aortic strain, aortic distensibility and aortic β-index, and serum growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 in patients with newly diagnosed essential hypertension (HT). Methods: Grade-1 HT patients (n = 50), grade-2 HT (n = 70) patients and 35 healthy controls were included. Results: GDF-15 was greater in grade-2 HT group compared with the other groups. All aortic elasticity parameters were worse in grade-2 HT group compared with the other groups. GDF-15 correlated positively with E/E′ ratio (the ratio of transmitral E velocity to mean diastolic mitral annular velocity) and β-index; and aortic strain and aortic distensibility correlated negatively with serum GDF-15. β-index, aortic diastolic diameter and diastolic blood pressure were independently associated with GDF-15. Conclusion: GDF-15 may be utilized in the prediction of increased aortic stiffness.

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Do Health Promotion Programs Affect Local Residents’ Emotions?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16040549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 549 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Munjae Lee ◽

Sewon Park ◽

Kichan Yoon

Keyword(s):

Psychological Factors ◽

Structural Equations ◽

Healthy Cities ◽

Program Performance ◽

Healthy City ◽

Health Promotion Programs ◽

Local Residents ◽

As Stress ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Healthy cities continuously attempt to improve residents’ health. Health is affected by psychological factors, such as happiness and emotions. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of healthy city program performance on individuals’ emotions, as well as the correlation between healthy city program performance and emotions using personal happiness index as a parameter. We conducted a questionnaire survey of residents in areas implementing healthy city projects. A total of 596 responses were obtained. We used structural equations to analyze the relationship of structural influences. Results showed that healthy city program performance had significant static effects on emotion. This observation shows that healthy city programs decrease local residents’ negative emotions, such as stress and depression. Therefore, healthy city programs stabilize residents’ emotions by increasing health friendliness. To improve the performance of healthy city programs, it is necessary to mitigate health risk factors and positively affect individuals’ emotions.

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