The temporal relation between high release and sleep stage changes at nocturnal sleep onset in man

Clinical researchers do not typically assess sleep with polysomnography (PSG) but rather with observation. However, methods relying on observation have limited reliability and are not suitable for assessing sleep depth and cycles. The purpose of this methodological study was to compare a sleep analysis method based on power spectral indices of heart rate variability (HRV) data to PSG. PSG and electrocardiography data were collected synchronously from 10 healthy women (ages 20–61 years) over 23 nights in a laboratory setting. HRV was analyzed for each 60-s epoch and calculated at 3 frequency band powers (very low frequency [VLF]-hi: 0.016–0.04 Hz; low frequency [LF]: 0.04–0.15 Hz; and high frequency [HF]: 0.15–0.4 Hz). Using HF/(VLF-hi + LF + HF) value, VLF-hi, and heart rate (HR) as indices, an algorithm to categorize sleep into 3 states (shallow sleep corresponding to Stages 1 & 2, deep sleep corresponding to Stages 3 & 4, and rapid eye movement [REM] sleep) was created. Movement epochs and time of sleep onset and wake-up were determined using VLF-hi and HR. The minute-by-minute agreement rate with the sleep stages as identified by PSG and HRV data ranged from 32 to 72% with an average of 56%. Longer wake after sleep onset (WASO) resulted in lower agreement rates. The mean differences between the 2 methods were 2 min for the time of sleep onset and 6 min for the time of wake-up. These results indicate that distinguishing WASO from shallow sleep segments is difficult using this HRV method. The algorithm's usefulness is thus limited in its current form, and it requires additional modification.

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Nocturnal Sleep–Wake Parameters of Adolescents at Home Following Cancer Chemotherapy

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800411408414 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 236-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amy J. Walker ◽

Kyle P. Johnson ◽

Christine Miaskowski ◽

Vivian Gedaly-Duff

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Cancer Chemotherapy ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Diary ◽

Nocturnal Sleep ◽

Wake Time ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Time In Bed ◽

Wrist Actigraphy ◽

At Home

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive, longitudinal study was to describe objective nocturnal sleep–wake parameters of adolescents at home after receiving chemotherapy in the hospital or outpatient clinic and explore differences in sleep variables by age, gender, and corticosteroid use. Methods: We collected 7 days of wrist actigraphy and sleep diary data from 48 adolescents (10–19 years) who were receiving cancer chemotherapy for a primary or secondary cancer or a relapse. The actigraphic sleep variables included rest interval (i.e., time in bed), sleep onset, sleep offset, sleep duration, total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and %WASO. Results: Of the 48 adolescents, 38 had at least five nights of scored actigraphy and were included in analyses. Older (13–18 years) adolescents went to bed later and had fewer minutes of TST than younger adolescents (10–12 years). Exploratory analyses revealed no differences between adolescents who were taking oral corticosteroids (i.e., prednisone, dexamethasone) and those who were not or between males and females. Conclusion: These adolescents had sleep durations that met or exceeded the recommended sleep duration for their age groups but experienced significant WASO. Further research is needed to estimate sleep needs of adolescents during chemotherapy and determine factors that contribute to nocturnal wake-time so that targeted interventions can be designed to improve sleep quality.

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The sleep macroarchitecture of children at risk for depression recruited in sleep centers

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.02.007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 168-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

F. Bat-Pitault ◽

D. Da Fonseca ◽

S. Cortese ◽

Y. Le Strat ◽

L. Kocher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

High Risk ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Depressive Episode ◽

Risk Group ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

History Of

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to compare the sleep macroarchitecture of children and adolescents whose mothers have a history of depression with children and adolescents whose mothers do not.MethodPolysomnography (PSG) and Holter electroencephalogram (EEG) were used to compare the sleep architecture of 35 children whose mothers had at least one previous depressive episode (19 boys, aged 4–18 years, “high-risk” group) and 25 controls (13 males, aged 4–18 years, “low-risk” group) whose mothers had never had a depressive episode. The total sleep time, wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), sleep latency, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings per hour of sleep, percentages of time spent in each sleep stage, rapid eye movement (REM) latency and the depressive symptoms of participants were measured.ResultsIn children (4–12 years old), the high-risk group exhibited significantly more depressive symptoms than controls (P = 0.02). However, PSG parameters were not significantly different between high-risk children and controls. In adolescents (13–18 years old), the high-risk subjects presented with significantly more depressive symptoms (P = 0.003), a significant increase in WASO (P = 0.019) and a significant decrease in sleep efficiency compared to controls (P = 0.009).ConclusionThis study shows that children and adolescents born from mothers with a history of at least one depressive episode had significantly more depressive symptoms than controls. However, only high-risk adolescents presented with concurrent alterations of sleep macroarchitecture.

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Corrigendum to ‘Utility of the sleep stage sequence preceding sleep onset REM periods for the diagnosis of narcolepsy: a study in a Japanese cohort’ [Sleep Medicine 68 (2020) 9–17]

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 546

Author(s):

Ryoko Kawai ◽

Akiko Watanabe ◽

Shiho Fujita ◽

Marina Hirose ◽

Yuichi Esaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Stage ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Medicine ◽

Japanese Cohort

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Utility of Activity Monitors and Thermometry in Assessing Sleep Stages and Sleep Quality

Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour ◽

10.1123/jmpb.2018-0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 108-121

Author(s):

Natashia Swalve ◽

Brianna Harfmann ◽

John Mitrzyk ◽

Alexander H. K. Montoye

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Sleep Stages ◽

Sleep Onset Latency ◽

Onset Latency ◽

Activity Monitors ◽

Research Grade

Activity monitors provide an inexpensive and convenient way to measure sleep, yet relatively few studies have been conducted to validate the use of these devices in examining measures of sleep quality or sleep stages and if other measures, such as thermometry, could inform their accuracy. The purpose of this study was to compare one research-grade and four consumer-grade activity monitors on measures of sleep quality (sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset) and sleep stages (awake, sleep, light, deep, REM) against an electroencephalography criterion. The use of a skin temperature device was also explored to ascertain whether skin temperature monitoring may provide additional data to increase the accuracy of sleep determination. Twenty adults stayed overnight in a sleep laboratory during which sleep was assessed using electroencephalography and compared to data concurrently collected by five activity monitors (research-grade: ActiGraph GT9X Link; consumer-grade: Fitbit Charge HR, Fitbit Flex, Jawbone UP4, Misfit Flash) and a skin temperature sensor (iButton). The majority of the consumer-grade devices overestimated total sleep time and sleep efficiency while underestimating sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and number of awakenings during the night, with similar results being seen in the research-grade device. The Jawbone UP4 performed better than both the consumer- and research-grade devices, having high levels of agreement overall and in epoch-by-epoch sleep stage data. Changes in temperature were moderately correlated with sleep stages, suggesting that addition of skin temperature could increase the validity of activity monitors in sleep measurement.

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Excessive Fragmentary Myoclonus: Time of Night and Sleep Stage Distributions

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100047715 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 142-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Otavio Lins ◽

Michelle Castonguay ◽

Wayne Dunham ◽

Sonya Nevsimalova ◽

Roger Broughton

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disorders ◽

Patient Group ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Fragmentation ◽

New Technique ◽

A New Technique

ABSTRACT:Excessive fragmentary myoclonus during sleep consists of high amounts of brief twitch-like movements occurring asynchronously and asymmetrically in different body areas and has been reported to occur in association with a number of sleep disorders. It was analyzed using a new technique of quantification, the fragmentary myoclonus index (FMI). The FMI exhibited high rates in all stages of sleep but with a somewhat lower frequency in slow wave sleep explaining, as well, a significantly lower rate in the first hour after sleep onset compared to later hours. There was no evidence for greater sleep fragmentation or lighter sleep compared to a matched patient group in whom it had not been noted.

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