Electron Microprobe Correlation of Tephra Layers from Eastern Mediterranean Abyssal Sediments and the Island of Santorini

1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan N. Federman ◽  
Steven N. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Major Element ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Explosive Eruptions ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
Isotope Stratigraphy

AbstractFive widespread tephra layers are found in late Quaternary sediments (0–130,000 yr B.P.) of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. These layers have been correlated among abyssal cores and to their respective terrestrial sources by electron-probe microanalysis of glass and pumice shards. Major element variations are sufficient to discriminate unambiguously between the five major layers. Oxygen isotope stratigraphy in one of the cores studied was used to data four of the five layers. Two of the widespread layers are derived from explosive eruptions of the Santorini volcanic complex: the Minoan Ash (3370 yr B.P.) and the Acrotiri Ignimbrite (18,000 yr B.P.). An additional layer, found in one core only, is most likely correlated to the Middle Pumice Series of Santorini (approximately 100,000 yr B.P.). Two layers are correlated to deposits on the islands of Yali and Kos and date to 31,000 and 120,000 yr B.P., respectively. One layer originated from the Neapolitan area of Italy 38,000 yr B.P.

scholarly journals Detection and Characterisation of Eemian Marine Tephra Layers within the Sapropel S5 Sediments of the Aegean and Levantine Seas

Quaternary ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Christopher Satow ◽  
Katharine M. Grant ◽  
Sabine Wulf ◽  
Hartmut Schulz ◽  
Addison Mallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Element ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Proxy Records ◽  
Last Interglacial Period ◽  
Levantine Basin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tephra Layers

The Eemian was the last interglacial period (~130 to 115 ka BP) to precede the current interglacial. In Eastern Mediterranean marine sediments, it is marked by a well-developed and organic-rich “sapropel” layer (S5), which is thought to reflect an intensification and northward migration of the African monsoon rain belt over orbital timescales. However, despite the importance of these sediments, very little proxy-independent stratigraphic information is available to enable rigorous correlation of these sediments across the region. This paper presents the first detailed study of visible and non-visible (cryptotephra) layers found within these sediments at three marine coring sites: ODP Site 967B (Levantine Basin), KL51 (South East of Crete) and LC21 (Southern Aegean Sea). Major element analyses of the glass component were used to distinguish four distinct tephra events of Santorini (e.g., Vourvoulos eruption) and possible Anatolian provenance occurring during the formation of S5. Interpolation of core chronologies provides provisional eruption ages for the uppermost tephra (unknown Santorini, 121.8 ± 2.9 ka) and lowermost tephra (Anatolia or Kos/Yali/Nisyros, 126.4 ± 2.9 ka). These newly characterised tephra deposits have also been set into the regional tephrostratigraphy to illustrate the potential to precisely synchronise marine proxy records with their terrestrial counterparts, and also contribute to the establishment of a more detailed volcanic history of the Eastern Mediterranean.

Graphic correlation of oxygen isotope stratigraphy application to the Late Quaternary

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren L. Prell ◽  
John Imbrie ◽  
Douglas G. Martinson ◽  
Joseph J. Morley ◽  
Nicklas G. Pisias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy ◽  
Isotope Stratigraphy

Correlation of Late Quaternary Tephra Layers in a Long Pluvial Sequence near Summer Lake, Oregon

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan O. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Crater Lake ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
Depositional Rate ◽  
Tephra Beds ◽  
Mount St Helens ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Near Summer Lake in southern Oregon, 54 tephra beds of late Quaternary age are exposed in pluvial lake sediments of Lake Chewaucan. Seven of the tephra beds near the top can be correlated with tephra deposits younger than 117,000 yr at Mount St. Helens, Washington, at Crater Lake, Oregon, and in northwestern Nevada in the deposits of pluvial Lake Lahontan. However, most of the section at Summer Lake lies below the correlated units, and contains 39 tephra beds older than 117,000 yr.Major-element chemistry of tephra glasses was determined by electron microprobe analysis; petrography supports the correlations made from chemical evidence. Compositions correlated range from 70 to 76% SiO2; the least silicic Summer Lake glass contained 57%.Extrapolation of depositional rate suggests that most of the sediments at Summer Lake are younger than about 335,000 yr, but older lake beds containing tephra layers occur at one place. The long lacustrine record suggests that Lake Chewaucan persisted through the last interpluvial stage, and that the lake may have dried up at the end of the Pleistocene due to diversion of the Chewaucan River by relict shore features.

Tephra layers in Late Quaternary sediments of the central Adriatic Sea

1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Calanchi ◽  
A Cattaneo ◽  
E Dinelli ◽  
G Gasparotto ◽  
F Lucchini
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Tephra Layers

scholarly journals Tephrostratigraphy of the late glacial and Holocene sediments of Puyehue Lake (Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile, 40°S)

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Bertrand ◽  
Julie Castiaux ◽  
Etienne Juvigné
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Last Deglaciation ◽  
Volcanic Zone ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Southern Volcanic Zone ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene

AbstractWe document the mineralogical and geochemical composition of tephra layers identified in the late Quaternary sediments of Puyehue Lake (Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes, Chile, 40°S) to identify the source volcanoes and to present the first tephrostratigraphic model for the region. For the last millennium, we propose a multi-criteria correlation model based on five tephra layers identified at seven coring sites. The two upper tephras are thin fine-grained green layers composed of more than 80% rhyodacitic glass shards, and associated to the AD 1960 and AD 1921–22 eruptions of the Puyehue-Cordon de Caulle volcanic complex. The third tephra is a sandy layer dominated by orthopyroxene, and related to the AD 1907 eruption of Rininahue maar. An olivine-rich tephra was deposited at the end of the 16th century, and a tephra characterized by a two-pyroxene association marks the second half of the first millennium AD. In addition, we detail the tephra succession of an 11.22-m-long sediment core covering the last 18,000 yr. The results demonstrate that the central province of the Southern Volcanic Zone has been active throughout the last deglaciation and the Holocene, with no increase in volcanic activity during glacial unloading.

scholarly journals Holocene Key-Marker Tephra Layers in Kamchatka, Russia

1997 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Braitseva ◽  
Vera V. Ponomareva ◽  
Leopold D. Sulerzhitsky ◽  
Ivan V. Melekestsev ◽  
John Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Kamchatka Peninsula ◽  
Explosive Eruptions ◽  
Shiveluch Volcano ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Important Marker

Detailed tephrochronological studies in Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, permitted documentation of 24 Holocene key-marker tephra layers related to the largest explosive eruptions from 11 volcanic centers. Each layer was traced for tens to hundreds of kilometers away from the source volcano; its stratigraphic position, area of dispersal, age, characteristic features of grain-size distribution, and chemical and mineral composition confirmed its identification. The most important marker tephra horizons covering a large part of the peninsula are (from north to south; ages given in14C yr B.P.) SH2(≈1000 yr B.P.) and SH3(≈1400 yr B.P.) from Shiveluch volcano; KZ (≈7500 yr B.P.) from Kizimen volcano; KRM (≈7900 yr B.P.) from Karymsky caldera; KHG (≈7000 yr B.P.) from Khangar volcano; AV1(≈3500 yr B.P.), AV2(≈4000 yr B.P.), AV4(≈5500 yr B.P.), and AV5(≈5600 yr B.P.) from Avachinsky volcano; OP (≈1500 yr B.P.) from the Baraniy Amfiteatr crater at Opala volcano; KHD (≈2800 yr B.P.) from the “maar” at Khodutka volcano; KS1(≈1800 yr B.P.) and KS2(≈6000 yr B.P.) from the Ksudach calderas; KSht3(A.D. 1907) from Shtyubel cone in Ksudach volcanic massif; and KO (≈7700 yr B.P.) from the Kuril Lake-Iliinsky caldera. Tephra layers SH5(≈2600 yr B.P.) from Shiveluch volcano, AV3(≈4500 yr B.P.) from Avachinsky volcano, OPtr(≈4600 yr B.P.) from Opala volcano, KS3(≈6100 yr B.P.) and KS4(≈8800 yr B.P.) from Ksudach calderas, KSht1(≈1100 yr B.P.) from Shtyubel cone, and ZLT (≈4600 yr B.P.) from Iliinsky volcano cover smaller areas and have local stratigraphic value, as do the ash layers from the historically recorded eruptions of Shiveluch (SH1964) and Bezymianny (B1956) volcanoes. The dated tephra layers provide a record of the most voluminous explosive events in Kamchatka during the Holocene and form a tephrochronological timescale for dating and correlating various deposits.

OSL ages and origin of Late Quaternary sediments in the North Transdanubian Hills (Hungary): timing of neotectonic activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 222 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit Thamó-Bozsó ◽  
Árpád Magyari ◽  
Balázs Musitz ◽  
Attila Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Neotectonic Activity ◽  
The North
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