A modification of the agar-gel double diffusion technique for improving the resolution of precipitin bands produced by nematode material

1966 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
I.J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Diffusion Technique

SEROLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME STONE-FRUIT VIRUSES: NON-VIRUS PARTICLES ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1447-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Willison ◽  
J. H. Tremaine ◽  
M. Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Yellow Virus ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Virus Isolates

Cherry yellow virus, isolates Y.2 and Y.4, and necrotic ring spot virus, isolates N.4 and N.5, purified either from cucumber leaves or from sour cherry petals, were characterized by antigenically related particles that sedimented at approximately 72 S. Some preparations of each virus derived from either host also contained either a 35 S or a 22 S component usually having a low nucleic acid content. Such preparations were shown by the agar gel double-diffusion technique to contain two antigens, V and Q, that were only distantly, if at all, related. The 72 S component is associated with the V antigen, whereas the 22 S and 35 S components are tentatively considered to be two forms of the Q antigen. The Q antigen could also be detected in clarified expressed sap of infected cucumber tissue, but not in that of healthy cucumber nor in extracts prepared from healthy sources by methods used to purify the viruses. The Q antigen is thus associated with infection, but its origin has not yet been satisfactorily determined.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE INVESTIGATIONS OF IDIOTYPIC ANTIBODIES

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Daugharty ◽  
John E. Hopper ◽  
A. Bruce MacDonald ◽  
Alfred Nisonoff
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Precipitin Test ◽  
Test Specificity ◽  
Antibody Population

Specifically purified anti-p-azobenzoate antibodies of the IgG class from individual rabbits were used to elicit anti-idiotypic antibodies in recipient rabbits. Allotypes of each donor and recipient were matched. When polymerized antibodies were used for immunization, more than 80% of the recipients responded with the formation of antibodies that precipitated the monomeric donor antibody. Percentages of precipitable molecules in the donor antibody population (D) varied from 4 to 56. As little as 4% was readily detectable by the Ouchterlony method or precipitin test. Specificity of the reaction was tested by double diffusion in agar gel against a panel of purified antibenzoate antibodies from 14 heterologous rabbits and, quantitatively, in three systems by measurement of the extent of coprecipitation of heterologous, radiolabeled antibenzoate antibodies. No cross-reactions were observed. Reactions were shown to be attributable to antibenzoate antibodies in the donor serum, and contributions of allotypic reactions were excluded. In three systems investigated quantitatively, and in one studied qualitatively, two recipients of the same donor antibody produced anti-antibody that reacted with essentially the same subfraction of the donor antibody population. The findings that only a portion of the D population is immunogenic, and that the same subfraction is frequently immunogenic in different recipients, suggest that the immunogenic population comprises a limited number of homogeneous groups of antibody molecules. This is supported by the small number of bands usually observed by the Ouchterlony technique. Quantitative methods of analysis should provide an approach to the study of cell populations producing antibodies of a particular idiotype.

The Separation of Insect Haemolymph Proteins

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
B. G. Loughton ◽  
P. Rueffel ◽  
H. Stich ◽  
A. S. West
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Rapid Characterization ◽  
Gel Diffusion

It has been suggested that information on the phylogenetic relationships of genera and species could be obtained by comparing the amino acid sequence in the homologous proteins of different species. This procedure is extremely difficult and time-consuming.However, a relatively rapid characterization of proteins can be obtained by analysing their mobilities with starch-gel electrophoresis and examination of antigenic diversity by the agar gel diffusion technique of Ouchterlony.

scholarly journals Antigenic similarity of toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum type C and D strains

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-660
Author(s):  
K Oguma ◽  
B Syuto ◽  
H Iida ◽  
S Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Chain Component ◽  
Type D ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Type C ◽  
Cross Neutralization

Antisera against purified type C1 toxin of Clostridium botulinum and its heavy-chain component cross-neutralized type D toxin. Antisera against partially purified type D toxin cross-neutralized type C1 toxin. From the latter serum, a component which neutralized only type D toxin and a component which equally neutralized both C1 and D toxins were obtained. We concluded that the cross-neutralization was not due to the fact that type C and D strains produce both C1 and D toxins but rather to the fact that the toxins have an antigen(s) common to their molecules. The results of the agar gel-double-diffusion test also supported this conclusion.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE ANTIGENS INVOLVED IN ADENOVIRUS 12 TUMORIGENESIS BY IMMUNODIFFUSION TECHNIQUES

1965 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard D. Berman ◽  
Wallace P. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Antigen ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Infectious Cycle ◽  
Gel Diffusion

The use of the agar gel diffusion technique has established the presence of three distinct antigenic reactions in the sera of Ad. 12 tumor-bearing hamsters. Only one of these antigens is directly demonstrable in the tumor. This "tumor" antigen is also formed during early stages of the infectious cycle in tissue culture cells. Other antigens present in the tumor, but only demonstrable indirectly with the use of antibody-containing serum of tumored hamsters, are the classical type-specific C antigen, and a new antigen, termed D. Of ninety-eight Ad. 12 tumored hamster sera, six reacted in gel diffusion with virus and tumor preparations, and thirty-one with tumor only. Sera which reacted in gel diffusion with viral antigen uniformly bad neutralizing antibody and high titers of CF antibody against viral and tumor antigens; however, many sera with comparable antibody titers did not react with the virus in gel diffusion. Sera which reacted in gel diffusion only with tumor antigen also had high CF antibody titers, but there was no correlation with neutralizing antibody.

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