scholarly journals Complement Fixation Reaction and Agar Gel Double Diffusion Test in Tyzzer's Disease of Mice

1967 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kôsaku Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Fixation Reaction

scholarly journals Antigenic similarity of toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum type C and D strains

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-660
Author(s):  
K Oguma ◽  
B Syuto ◽  
H Iida ◽  
S Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Chain Component ◽  
Type D ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Type C ◽  
Cross Neutralization

Antisera against purified type C1 toxin of Clostridium botulinum and its heavy-chain component cross-neutralized type D toxin. Antisera against partially purified type D toxin cross-neutralized type C1 toxin. From the latter serum, a component which neutralized only type D toxin and a component which equally neutralized both C1 and D toxins were obtained. We concluded that the cross-neutralization was not due to the fact that type C and D strains produce both C1 and D toxins but rather to the fact that the toxins have an antigen(s) common to their molecules. The results of the agar gel-double-diffusion test also supported this conclusion.

Serological Investigations with Loa loa Antigens

1972 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Ogunba
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Antibody Tests

Antigens prepared from adult worms and microfilariae of Loa loa were used for an assessment of the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of double immuno-diffusion in agar gel, haemagglutination and fluorescent antibody tests.Both antigens formed a broad band which moved slowly towards the cathode on electrophoresis, and each antigen separated into two protein fractions when passed through Sephadex G-200.Both precipitating and non-precipitating antibodies were detected in sera from Loa loa patients. The haemagglutination test and fluorescent antibody test were sensitive in detecting Loa loa antibodies and would be of diagnostic value, but the double diffusion test in agar-gel was insensitive and would have a limited value in loiasis diagnosis.

scholarly journals Potato viruses in Finland and their identification

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-301
Author(s):  
Aarne Kurppa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Potato Viruses ◽  
Serological Identification

The occurrence of potato viruses in Finland and alternative methods for their identification are reported in this study. The following seven viruses were found to occur; potato viruses X, S, M, Y, A, potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) and tobacco rattle virus (TRV). The isolates of potato viruses X and Y included two clearly distinct strains. The other viruses had only minor variants. The most severe and important of the viruses was PVY, particularly its Y° strain. Other important viruses were PVM and PVA and potentially PLRV. PVY was found to be the most easily transmitted in the field. For serological identification of the viruses, indigenous antisera produced for selected isolates were mostly used. Significant serological variation was only found among the PVY isolates. The lowest concentration of PVX D-protein detected with the agar gel double diffusion test was 10 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml with the single diffusion test. With the ELISA test 0.1 ng of virus /ml could be detected. For PVX the lowest relative value detected in potato leaf sap was a dilution of between 10-6 and 10-7. The chloroplast agglutination test was too unreliable for detecting PVY in potato samples. Also the agar gel double diffusion test was found to be too insensitive for the identification of potato viruses but the single diffusion test could be used in certain cases. With the ELISA test potato viruses X, S, M and Y could be reliably detected in potato leaf sap and with almost the same accuracy in sap from sprouting tubers. The ELISA test was also found to give satisfactory results during routine testing for the identification of PVA and PLRV in potato leaves or non-dormant tubers.

Complement fixation reaction of Rift Valley fever virus

1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Minoru MATSUMOTO ◽  
Saburo IWASA ◽  
Motosige ENDO
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Fixation Reaction

Rapid detection of Australia/SH antigen and antibody by a simple and sensitive technique of immunoelectronmicroscopy

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Kelen ◽  
A. E. Hathaway ◽  
D. A. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Filtration Technique ◽  
Electronmicroscopic Examination

A simple and practical method is presented for demonstrating the presence of the Australia/SH antigen and its corresponding antibody in serum specimens, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The method is based on the electronmicroscopic visualization of characteristic aggregates of antigen–antibody complexes formed in the mixture of a serum specimen and the appropriate Australia/SH detector reagent. It involves the use of a microtechnique requiring minute amounts of reagents and provides, as a result of diffusion and filtration through agar gel, partially purified and concentrated preparations, ready for electronmicroscopic examination in less than an hour. The method is highly specific and yields reproducible results. Its sensitivity was found to be greater than that of the crossover electrophoresis test and closely approximates that of the complement fixation test, with the added advantage of not being affected by the "prozone phenomenon." The method can be recommended for use in laboratories equipped with electronmicroscopic facilities to establish a differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis cases, perform rapid screening of blood samples (blood products) for the presence of Australia/SH antigen, and clarify equivocal results obtained by other methods. It is expected that the agar–diffusion–filtration technique will also prove useful, in general, for enhancing the chances of detecting virus particles in suspensions of relatively low virus concentrations.

Comparisons of poa semilatent and barley stripe mosaic viruses

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Polák ◽  
J. T. Slykhuis
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Normal Length ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Cross Absorption ◽  
Precipitin Test ◽  
Agropyron Trachycaulum

Poa semilatent virus (PSLV), which caused chlorosis and rapid death of inoculated wheat, infected a number of grasses susceptible to barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV); but it also infected Agropyron trachycaulum and Poa palustris which were not susceptible to a barley strain or two oat-infecting strains of BSMV. Conversely BSMV caused local lesions on several species of Chenopodium that did not become infected with PSLV. BSMV protected wheat from infection by PSLV, but PSLV caused only partial protection from BSMV.The normal length and thickness of particles in leaf-dip preparations was 161 × 26 mμ for PSLV and 133 × 25 mμ for BSMV.Serological relationship was not indicated by the Ouchterlony agar double-diffusion test or leaf-dip serology. A distant relationship was shown with the microprecipitin test and the ring interface precipitin test. In cross absorption tests the titers of the antisera to the homologous viruses were not reduced by absorption with the heterologous viruses.PSLV and BSMV appear to be distantly related serotypes.

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