Subclinical infection with Mycobacterium leprae—a problem for leprosy control strategies

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl W. Baumgart ◽  
Warwick J. Britton ◽  
Raymond J. Mullins ◽  
Antony Basten ◽  
Ross St C. Barnetson
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Leprosy Control

Nasal PCR assay for the detection of Mycobacterium leprae pra gene to study subclinical infection in a community

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 336-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalanathan Arunagiri ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Sangeetha ◽  
Padmavathy Krishnan Sugashini ◽  
Sekar Balaraman ◽  
M.K. Showkath Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Pcr Assay

scholarly journals Leprosy: Need Early Detection And Early Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Khondker ◽  
Md Abdul Wahab ◽  
Md Shirajul Islam Khan ◽  
Samaresh Chandra Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Abnormal Immune Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Leprosy Control

Leprosy is the most ancient bacterial disease in the history of mankind. It remains still public health problem in the countries where it is endemic. Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) is a chronic infectious disease which is diagnosable and curable if recognized early and treated adequately. The infectious agent of leprosy is Mycobacterium leprae which is only bacteria to infect peripheral nerves. Leprosy is characterized by a variety of abnormal immune response. It depends on the integrity of the host’s specific CMI response to the M. leprae and it may be genetically determined. Antileprotic multidrugs therapy (MDT) as recommended by WHO is now the standard and accepted method for leprosy control. Leprosy can not be completely rooted out with physicians, control offices, leprosaria and propaganda; it will disappear when the economic and cultural factors change, because leprosy is the thermometer of civilization. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v24i1.14116 Medicine TODAY Vol.24(1) 2012 pp.44-47

scholarly journals Review: Mycobacterium leprae - millennium resistant! Leprosy control on the threshold of a new era

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Visschedijk ◽  
Jacques Broek ◽  
Henk Eggens ◽  
Peter Lever ◽  
Stella Beers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
New Era ◽  
Leprosy Control

scholarly journals Mycobacterium leprae transmission characteristics during the declining stages of leprosy incidence: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0009436
Author(s):  
Thomas Hambridge ◽  
Shri Lak Nanjan Chandran ◽  
Annemieke Geluk ◽  
Paul Saunderson ◽  
Jan Hendrik Richardus
Keyword(s):  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Leprosy Case ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Distinct Increase ◽  
Leprosy Control

Background Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. As incidence begins to decline, the characteristics of new cases shifts away from those observed in highly endemic areas, revealing potentially important insights into possible ongoing sources of transmission. We aimed to investigate whether transmission is driven mainly by undiagnosed and untreated new leprosy cases in the community, or by incompletely treated or relapsing cases. Methodology/Principal findings A literature search of major electronic databases was conducted in January, 2020 with 134 articles retained out of a total 4318 records identified (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020178923). We presented quantitative data from leprosy case records with supporting evidence describing the decline in incidence across several contexts. BCG vaccination, active case finding, adherence to multidrug therapy and continued surveillance following treatment were the main strategies shared by countries who achieved a substantial reduction in incidence. From 3950 leprosy case records collected across 22 low endemic countries, 48.3% were suspected to be imported, originating from transmission outside of the country. Most cases were multibacillary (64.4%) and regularly confirmed through skin biopsy, with 122 cases of suspected relapse from previous leprosy treatment. Family history was reported in 18.7% of cases, while other suspected sources included travel to high endemic areas and direct contact with armadillos. None of the countries included in the analysis reported a distinct increase in leprosy incidence in recent years. Conclusions/Significance Together with socioeconomic improvement over time, several successful leprosy control programmes have been implemented in recent decades that led to a substantial decline in incidence. Most cases described in these contexts were multibacillary and numerous cases of suspected relapse were reported. Despite these observations, there was no indication that these cases led to a rise in new secondary cases, suggesting that they do not represent a large ongoing source of human-to-human transmission.

scholarly journals Mutation of Gyra Gene Found In Mycobacterium Leprae From Leprosy Patient In West Papua and Papua, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustinus Maladan ◽  
Hana Krismawati ◽  
Rosana Agus ◽  
Hotma M.L. Hutapea ◽  
Ratna Tanjung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
New Variant ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
2D Structure ◽  
Leprosy Control

Cases of leprosy in Indonesia are still high, especially in the provinces of West Papua, North Maluku and Papua. Drug resistance surveillance and typing strains of Mycobacterium leprae are useful molecular tools for leprosy control especially in the three Provinces. The purpose of this study was to identify mutations in the gyrA          M. leprae gene obtained from leprosy patients in the provinces of West Papua and Papua on a molecular basis. M. leprae samples obtained from leprosy patients were extracted and continued with PCR and sequencing in the M. leprae gyrA gene. The sequencing results are aligned with M. leprae TN sequences to identify mutations. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega 7 to get the M. leprae gyrA cluster. The RNAalifold server was employed to generate the conserved 2D structure for the gyrA MSAs. Six variants were found in the gyrA M. leprae obtained from the provinces of West Papua and Papua. The six variants are H71R, K73R, D95G, A101T, R107W, A127V. The existence of mutations in the gyrA M. leprae gene found in this study can be information in the treatment of leprosy in Papua if using Ofloxacin as an alternative treatment. Based on phylogenetic analysis found there are three distinct clusters of gyrA gene. The five variants are H71R, K73R, A101T, R107W, A127V are new variant of gyrA M. leprae. The D95G variant has been confirmed to cause resistance to Fluoroquinolone by in vitro methods, while the H71R, K73R, A101T, R107W, A127V variants are new variants whose effects on the fluoroquinolone are unknown. Thus, further analysis is needed to study the effects of the five variants on ofloxacin.

scholarly journals Leprosy control strategies and the integration of health services: an international perspective

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1567-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Visschedijk ◽  
Anrik Engelhard ◽  
Peter Lever ◽  
Maria Aparecida de Faria Grossi ◽  
Pieter Feenstra
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
General Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Leprosy Control

Integration of leprosy services into the general health services is regarded as the core strategy to ensure that leprosy control remains cost-effective and equitable, and, thus, sustainable in the coming years. In this article an extensive review is presented of the integration of leprosy services into the general health services. After the rationale of integration is discussed, the article highlights several recent developments within leprosy control and the health sector that are in support of the integration process. An overview is presented of recent experiences in countries that have already embarked on the integration process. Based on these experiences important lessons can be learned and incorporated into a model for the process of integration. This model, which is presented at the end of the article, will assist countries to successfully integrate leprosy services into the general health services.

Activation of isolated heterophils from chicks stimulated in vivo with salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 760-761
Author(s):  
R. B. Moyes ◽  
R. E. Droleskey ◽  
M. H. Kogut ◽  
J. R. DeLoach
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Immune Lymphokines ◽  
Organ Invasion

Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is of great concern to the poultry industry due to the organism's ability to penetrate the intestinal mucosa of the laying hen and subsequently colonize the ovaries and yolk membrane. The resultant subclinical infection can lead to SE infection of raw eggs and egg products. Interference with the ability of the organism to invade has been linked to the activation and recruitment of inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells, heterophils, to the lamina propria of the intestinal tract.Recently it has been established that heterophil activation and increased resistance to SE organ invasion can be accomplished by the administration of SE-immune lymphokines (SE-ILK) obtained from supernatants of concanavalin-A stimulated SE immune T lymphocytes from SE hyperimmunized hens. Invasion of SE into the lamina propria provides a secondary signal for directing activated heterophils to the site of SE invasion.

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