Significance of Helicobacter Pylori in Iron Deficiency

This article discusses the importance of helicobacter pylori in iron deficiency. It is well known that iron deficiency is one of the major problems in medicine today. The following article examines the complications of this disease and the effective methods used to treat it. Keywords: anemia, Helicobacter pylori, blood, pathology, gastrointestinal tract, microorganism.

Prevention of the Development of Chronic Diseases in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

The article discusses the features of the prevention of chronic diseases in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that patients suffering from various chronic diseases have weakened immunity, and this forces doctors to attribute such patients to the risk group, whose participants are most susceptible to the severe course of coronavirus disease. In light of all the above, the main task of medical workers today is to prevent the development of chronic diseases as such, and therefore the prevention of chronic diseases in general is a priority for medicine today. An attempt to preserve the health of the nation and prevent the mortality rate from increasing is the main task of doctors, secondary and junior medical personnel. That is why preventive work among the population, especially the older age group, should be carried out actively and systematically today.

An Ancient Science to Improve Today’s Clinical Practice: Oral Surgery Meets Human Anatomy

Human body dissection was a ubiquitous practice in the past, to better understand anatomy and to develop medicine. Today, its role could still be important to answer everyday clinical queries and help surgeons. The example of the possible lack of anesthesia during symphysis surgeries can emphasize the usefulness of dissection. The mandibular symphysis usually receives innervation from inferior alveolar nerve terminations, but, in some rare cases, a particular anastomosis involves the lingual nerve and the nerve to the mylohyoid. The anatomical knowledge resulting from body dissections could help oral surgeons to understand the reason why the patient could feel pain during the surgery, and ensure performance of the right lingual nerve block to obtain complete anesthesia. This clinical situation shows the educational role of an ancient, yet still valid, practice, human dissection, and the importance of anatomical studies to improve surgical skills, to provide better treatment for the patient.

Coexistence of Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction and Vesicoureteral Reflux

Introduction: The most common upper urinary tract problem in children is obstruction at the pelviureteric junction. It happens with varying degrees of seriousness. Ultrasonography and DTPA (Diethylene Triamine Penta-acitic Acid) renography are commonly used to detect it. Objective: To find out the coexistence of ipsilateralpelviureteric junction obstruction with vesicourenteral reflux. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2006 to May 2007 over a period of 1 year 5 months. Thirty-five patients with unilateral hydronephrosis due to PUJ obstruction were included in this study (age: 1 month-15 years). Results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Results: Incidence of Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) among pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction patients was 8.6%. Of them Grade-I VUR was 33.3% and grade-II VUR was 66.7%. Mean age of the patients was 4.71 ± 1.97 years and with VUR was 9.33 ± 4.93 years. Male to female ratio was 4:1. Only 5.7% mothers had regular antenatal checkup and 28.5% had irregular. Majority of the patients 28 (80%) were presented with painless loin mass, 6 (17.1%) with fever, 8 (22.9%) with loin pain and 8 (22.9%) with failure to thrive. Three patients (8.6%) showed abnormal R/M/E and all of the abnormal R/M/E samples showed positive culture. Conclusions: Incidence of Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) among pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction patients was 8.6%. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 94-97

Maternal Outcome of Anemic Pregnant Mother at Private Hospitals in Dhaka City

Introduction: The study carried out among the pregnant women who had anemia during pregnancy with the objectives to determine their maternal outcome at private hospitals in Dhaka city. Materials and Methods: The total sample size was 110. Data was collected by interviewing the respondents with a structured pre-tested questionnaire. The study was conducted in pregnant women with anemia at or after 28 weeks of gestation and had delivered at Obstetrics Department of Ad-Din Barrister Rafique ul-Huq Hospital, Jurain and Bashundhara Ad-Din Medical College Hospital South Keranigonj. Results: Most of the respondents (38.2%) belonged to the age group between 16-20 years. The mean age was 23.74±5.127 years. Almost (49.1%) up to primary & (38.2%) were up to secondary/higher secondary level. Most of the respondents were homemaker (87.3%); Monthly income means was 19340.91±12459.647. Most (90.9%) of the respondents had received ANC and 79.1% respondent’s hemoglobin level was below 10 gm. /dl. Among them 90.9% of the respondent’s fetal outcome were healthy & alive baby. More than half (51.8%) of the respondent’s baby were _ 2.5 kg birth weight. Study also shows that 55.5% respondents had anemia after delivery, 28.2% had sickness and 22.7% were sulfured with complications after delivery. There was a significant relationship with low birth weights (LBW) to less high education. Conclusion: All women should be given advice regarding diet in pregnancy with details of foods rich in iron. Dietary changes alone are not sufficient to correct an existing iron deficiency in pregnancy and iron supplements are necessary. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 102-107

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Acute Poisoning Cases in Children Living in a Rapidly Urbanizing Area

Introduction: Acute poisoning is a common childhood emergency in Bangladesh. In many cases history and clinical features fail to identify the offending agent. This study was done to identify the specific clinical findings related with the source of poisoning and assess the outcome. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study done from January to June 2020, among 75 indoor children of Tangail District Hospital. A preformed structured questionnaire was filled up by data collected from direct interview with the parents or caregivers, hospital records, during clinical examination. Results: We found the mean age of the study population 5.5±1.5 years having male preponderance 1.6:1 in ratio. Kerosene 16(21.33%) and organophosphorus compound 15(20%) were the most common etiological agents and accidental (85%) was the most common mode of poisoning. Most of the cases were asymptomatic 25(33.3%). We encountered only 5(6.6%) death having 62(82.6%) complete recovery. Conclusion: Acute poisoning still remains a major cause of child death in Bangladesh. History remains the main information for early diagnosis. We should take necessary steps to prevent exposure to poisonous material in children to reduce related burden of hospitalization, mortality and morbidity. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 156-159

Clinical Outcome and Operative Findings with Ectopic Pregnancy at Tertiary Medical College & Hospital

Introduction: An ectopic pregnancy is an emergency condition worldwide now a days which defined as a pregnancy that progresses after implantation of the blastocyst anywhere other than the endometrium lining the uterine cavity. Objective: In this study our main goal is to identify clinical outcome and operative situation in patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed from January 2015 to December, 2018 at tertiary medical College & Hospital. During the study 200 patients were evaluated and data was extracted from socio-demographic, menstrual, obstetric and clinical history of the patients. Results: most of the patients belong to 30 years (19.7%) age group and history of pelvic infection (26.26%), induced abortion (17.4%), previous MR (16.26%) and sub fertility (11.25%) were common risk factor in ectopic pregnancy found in the study. Also majority of the patients faced laparotomy followed by right sided salphinogectomy (40.40%) which was the most common operation. Conclusion: quick diagnosis, classifying of risk factors and timely intervention in the form of surgical treatment is necessary for reduction mortality rate in ectopic pregnancy. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 160-164

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health

Introduction: The year 2019 will be remembered in the human history by the mark of an unknown diseases plaguing the whole world with its devastation, namely coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This pandemic caused by a novel strain of RNA virus has caused a catastrophic health outcome for millions of world citizens but in many cases only the physical aspect of the disease came under consideration. Materials & Methods: This review is based on ample literature search of Medline, the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, and citation lists of relevant publications. Discussion: COVID-19 pandemic has caused a variety of health problems including mental health issues. Initial panic about the completely unknown (Novel) virus plaguing the world was soon joined by an array of mental health problems like anxiety, depression, combined anxiety and depression, traumatic stress etc. Amidst the chaos of unpredictability, mortality, overstretched health facilities etc. we often downplay the importance of paying attention to the mental side of the disease spectrum. As a result, outcomes like child abuse, domestic violence and suicide can increase. Conclusion: It is of utmost importance to educate mass people about the coping strategies to go through this hard time, to ensure proper news sharing, to screen people who are at risk of developing mental health problems and to provide support to those who are in need. Local and International consensus guideline should be planned to deal with this issue. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 169-171

Colonoscopic Yield in Patients with Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding – A Study of 309 Cases

Introduction: This retrospective study was done to see colonoscopic yields in patients presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Materials & Methods: Reports of patients undergoing colonoscopy due to bleeding per rectum were retrieved from endoscopy records. Patients’ particulars and colonoscopic findings were recorded in a data sheet. Analysis was done using SPSS 20 version. Results: A total of 309 patients (male 211 (68.3%) and female 98 (31.7) with mean age 40.3 years %)) were included in this study. According to colonoscopic yield, causes of LGIB were haemorrhoids 137 (44.33% ), rectal and colonic growth 58(18.77% ) rectal and colonic polyps 54 (17.47% ), anal fissure 38 (12.29% ), proctitis 18 (5.82%), colitis 18(5.82%), ileal ulcer and ileitis 34(11.0%). Colorectal growth was more common among patients age 26 to 60years. Among male rectal growth was slightly higher than female. Conclusion: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is more common among males. Commonest cause of LGIB are internal haemorrhoids, rectal growth, rectal and colonic polyps and anal fissure. Colorectal neoplasm, proctitis, colitis and ileal inflammation and ulcers constitute small part. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 120-122