Cellular and regional distribution of reduced glutathione in the nervous system of the rat: Histochemical localization by mercury orange and o-phthaldialdehyde-induced histofluorescence

Introduction: Extracellular matrix is a key component of most connective tissues. For decades, the presence of this chemically heterogeneous interface has been largely unaddressed or even denied in the central nervous system. It was not until the end of the last century that scientists turned their attention to this enigmatic substance and unravelled its versatile roles in the developing as well as the adult nervous system. Aim: The aim of the authors was to characterize different parts of the human central nervous system: the hippocampus, the lateral geniculate nucleus and the spinal cord. In addition they looked for connections between brain plasticity and extracellular matrix indifferent animal models. Method: The authors used two perfusion fixed human brain and spinal cord samples, 23 further human brain samples for disease-related investigations, 16 adult rat brains and 18 chicken brains of hatchlings, 13 days or three months of age. They visualized the extracellular matrix via lectin- and immunohistochemistry. Results: It was demonstrated that the human central nervous system shows a bewildering phenotypic versatility in its various parts. The human spinal cord harbours perineuronal nets around long-range projection neurons whilst perisynaptic coats are enriched in the dorsal horn. Periaxonal coats protect functional synapses in neurodegeneration. In the rat thalamus, perineuronal matrix is enriched in less plastic territories and develops in accordance with its linked cortical region. In the chicken, perineuronal matrix is well established already at birth and its further development is not functionally dependent. Conclusions: In human, the perineuronal matrix shows a large diversity depending on regional distribution and function. The authors argue that the development and differentiation of extracellular matrix is strongly linked to those of neurons. This observation was based on findings in the domestic chick which exhibits an immediate maturity after hatching as well as on observations in rat thalamic nuclei which reflect the plasticity of their corresponding cortical fields. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1067–1073.

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The regional distribution of substance P, neurokinin α and neurokinin β in the rat nervous system, with special reference to the localization of these tachykinins in the spinal cord

Neuroscience Research Supplements ◽

10.1016/s0921-8696(85)80189-4 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. S100

Author(s):

Ichiro Kanazawa ◽

Tatsuji Ogawa ◽

Sadao Kimura

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Nervous System ◽

Substance P ◽

Special Reference ◽

Regional Distribution

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Expression of c-kit and kit ligand proteins in normal human tissues.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/42.11.7523489 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 42 (11) ◽

pp. 1417-1425 ◽

Cited By ~ 171

Author(s):

A Lammie ◽

M Drobnjak ◽

W Gerald ◽

A Saad ◽

R Cote ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Critical Role ◽

Regional Distribution ◽

Cervix Uterus ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Human Tissues ◽

Mouse Development ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

The Central Nervous System

The c-kit receptor and its cognate ligand, KL, play a critical role in melanogenesis, gametogenesis, and hematopoiesis. Studies on the expression of c-kit and KL have been primarily focused on mouse development. We undertook the present study to characterize the pattern of expression of these molecules in normal adult human tissues. Using immunohistochemistry and consecutive tissue sections from the same block, we evaluated a variety of well-preserved normal tissues for c-kit and KL microanatomic distribution. c-kit protein was identified in tissue mast cells, melanocytes, glandular epithelial cells of breast, parotid, dermal sweat, and esophageal glands. Scattered c-kit immunoreactivity was also observed for testicular and ovarian interstitial cells. A striking regional distribution of c-kit was detected in the central nervous system, particularly in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and dorsal horn of the spinal cord. KL protein was identified in cells complementary to staining for the receptor, such as glandular myoepithelium of breast and sweat glands. Intense KL immunoreactivity was observed in smooth muscle cells of the bladder, cervix, uterus, and gastrointestinal tract, as well as in striated and cardiac muscle. Strong KL staining was also detected in prostate fibromuscular stroma cells. In the central nervous system, KL expression was confined to Golgi and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. These results suggest a role for this receptor and its ligand in the maintenance of a variety of fully differentiated tissues.

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Regional Distribution of Angiotensinogen in the Central Nervous System of the Rat: Effect of DOC-Salt Treatment

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs063149s ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 63 (s8) ◽

pp. 149s-152s ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nidia Basso ◽

Diana Grispon ◽

Patricia Ruiz ◽

Alberto C. Taquini

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Regional Distribution ◽

Salt Treatment ◽

Blood Contamination ◽

Renin Substrate ◽

Salt Hypertension ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

1. The distribution of angiotensinogen and endogenous renin-like activity were analysed in different areas of the central nervous system in normal and DOC-salt-treated hypertensive rats. 2. Angiotensinogen concentration and renin-like activity were significantly increased in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus and brain stem of the DOC-salt-treated rats 30 days after the initiation of the experiment. 3. Influence of plasma contamination on the former results was evaluated by the determination of (a) plasma angiotensinogen concentration in control and treated animals and (b) blood content remaining in the different regions of the central nervous system, after saline perfusion of the brain, in a group of normal rats. 4. Plasma angiotensinogen concentration was significantly decreased in DOC-salt-treated rats, therefore blood contamination would tend to diminish the magnitude of increase in central nervous system angiotensinogen in these animals. 5. Present results have shown an increased concentration of angiotensinogen in some areas of the central nervous system in DOC-salt-treated rats. The results have also confirmed an enhanced activity of the endogenous renin-like enzyme in the same regions; this change seems to be mainly due to the increment in angiotensinogen. Increased formation of central angiotensin could be involved in the development of DOC-salt hypertension. The biosynthetic pathways of renin substrate as well as its endogenous regulation remain undetermined.

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