Transcription of the Epstein-Barr virus genome in productively infected cells

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) contributes to about 1.5% of all cases of human cancer worldwide, and viral genes are expressed in the malignant cells. EBV also very efficiently causes the proliferation of infected human B lymphocytes. The functions of the viral proteins and small RNAs that may contribute to EBV-associated cancers are becoming increasingly clear, and a broader understanding of the sequence variation of the virus genome has helped to interpret their roles. The improved understanding of the mechanisms of these cancers means that there are great opportunities for the early diagnosis of treatable stages of EBV-associated cancers and the use of immunotherapy to target EBV-infected cells or overcome immune evasion. There is also scope for preventing disease by immunization and for developing therapeutic agents that target the EBV gene products expressed in the cancers.

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Studies of Epstein-Barr Virus Antigens Using Immunoperoxidase and Immunofluorescence Techniques

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011533x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 342-343

Author(s):

R. Stephens ◽

K. Traul ◽

D. Woolf ◽

P. Gaudreau

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Barr Virus ◽

If Technique ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Virus Antigens ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Virus Capsid Antigen ◽

Antigen Reactivity

A number of antigens have been found associated with persistent EBV infections of lymphoblastoid cells. Identification and localization of these antigens were principally by immunofluorescence (IF) techniques using sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and infectious mononucleosis (IM). Our study was mainly with three of the EBV related antigens, a) virus capsid antigen (VCA), b) membrane antigen (MA), and c) early antigens (EA) using immunoperoxidase (IP) techniques with electron microscopy (EM) to elucidate the sites of reactivity with EBV and EBV infected cells.Prior to labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), sera from NPC, IM, and BL cases were characterized for various reactivities by the indirect IF technique. Modifications of the direct IP procedure described by Shabo and the indirect IP procedure of Leduc were made to enhance penetration of the cells and preservation of antigen reactivity.

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HIGH FREQUENCY OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS GENOME IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH HODGKIN'S DISEASE

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90171-2 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 333 (8652) ◽

pp. 1458 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Stefania Uccini ◽

Francesca Monardo ◽

LuigiP. Ruco ◽

CarloD. Baroni ◽

Alberto Faggioni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hodgkin's Disease ◽

High Frequency ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Hodgkin’S Disease ◽

Virus Genome ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr

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Variant Chromatin Structure of theoriP Region of Epstein-Barr Virus and Regulation of EBER1 Expression by Upstream Sequences andoriP

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.75.13.6235-6241.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 75 (13) ◽

pp. 6235-6241 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Barbara Wensing ◽

Albert Stühler ◽

Peter Jenkins ◽

Martine Hollyoake ◽

Claudio Elgueta Karstegl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Virus Genome ◽

Micrococcal Nuclease ◽

Matrix Attachment Region ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Latently Infected ◽

Attachment Region ◽

Nuclear Matrix Attachment Region ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Nucleosomal Structure

ABSTRACT Most of the Epstein-Barr virus genome in latently infected cells is in a standard nucleosomal structure, but the region encompassingoriP and the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER) genes shows a distinctive pattern when digested with micrococcal nuclease. This pattern corresponds to a previously mapped nuclear matrix attachment region. Although the EBER genes are adjacent to oriP, there is only a two- to fourfold effect oforiP on EBER expression. However, sequences containing a consensus ATF site upstream of EBER1 are important for EBER1 expression.

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Identification of Epstein–Barr virus-infected CD27+ memory B-cells in liver or stem cell transplant patients

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.033712-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 92 (11) ◽

pp. 2590-2595 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yoshinori Ito ◽

Shinji Kawabe ◽

Seiji Kojima ◽

Fumihiko Nakamura ◽

Yukihiro Nishiyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Stem Cell ◽

B Cells ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽

Cell Transplant ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Epstein Barr

To analyse the phenotype of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphocytes in EBV-associated infections, cells from eight haematopoietic stem cell/liver transplantation recipients with elevated EBV viral loads were examined by a novel quantitative assay designed to identify EBV-infected cells by using a flow cytometric detection of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. By this assay, 0.05–0.78 % of peripheral blood lymphocytes tested positive for EBV, and the EBV-infected cells were CD20+ B-cells in all eight patients. Of the CD20+ EBV-infected lymphocytes, 48–83 % of cells tested IgD positive and 49–100 % of cells tested CD27 positive. Additionally, the number of EBV-infected cells assayed by using FISH was significantly correlated with the EBV-DNA load, as determined by real-time PCR (r 2 = 0.88, P<0.0001). The FISH assay enabled us to characterize EBV-infected cells and perform a quantitative analysis in patients with EBV infection after stem cell/liver transplantation.

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Brief Communication Structure and Expression of the Epstein-Barr Virus Genome

Epstein-Barr Virus and Associated Diseases ◽

10.1007/978-1-4613-2625-0_26 ◽

1985 ◽

pp. 299-306

Author(s):

P. J. Farrell ◽

J. Dyson ◽

P. Tuffnell ◽

M. Biggin ◽

T. Gibson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Virus Genome ◽

Communication Structure ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr

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Acyclovir Improves the Efficacy of Chemoradiation in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Containing the Epstein Barr Virus Genome

10.1101/2020.10.18.343236 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aditya Thandoni ◽

Andrew Zloza ◽

Devora Schiff ◽

Malay Rao ◽

Kwok-wai Lo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Immune Surveillance ◽

Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Virus Genome ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Standard Of Care Treatment ◽

Epstein Barr

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy endemic to East Asia and is caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-mediated cancerous transformation of epithelial cells. The standard of care treatment for NPC involves radiation and chemotherapy. While treatment outcomes continue to improve, up to 50% of patients can be expected to recur by five years, and additional innovative treatment options are needed. We posit that a potential way to do this is by targeting the underlying cause of malignant transformation, namely EBV. One method by which EBV escapes immune surveillance is by undergoing latent phase replication, during which EBV expression of immunogenic proteins is reduced. However, chemoradiation is known to drive conversion of EBV from a latent to a lytic phase. This creates an opportunity for the targeting of EBV-infected cells utilizing anti-viral drugs. Indeed, we found that combining acyclovir with cisplatin and radiation significantly decreases the viability of the EBV-infected C666-1 cell line. Western blot quantification revealed a resultant increase of thymidine kinase (TK) and apoptosis-inducing mediators, cleaved PARP (cPARP) and phosphorylated ERK (pERK). These studies suggest that the addition of anti-viral drugs to frontline chemoradiation may improve outcomes in patients treated for EBV-related NPC and future in vivo and clinical studies are needed.

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