332 In vivo and in vitro human skin responses to codeine

Contaminants exist in ground and surface water. Human skin has the capacity to bind and then absorb these contaminants into the body during swimming and bathing. Powdered human stratum corneum will bind both lipid-soluble (alachlor, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], benzene) and water-soluble (nitroaniline) chemicals. In vitro (human skin) and in vivo (Rhesus monkey) studies show that these chemicals readily distribute into skin, and then some of the chemical is absorbed into the body. Linearity in binding and absorption exists for nitroaniline over a 10-fold concentration range. Multiple exposure to benzene is at least cumulative. Binding and absorption can be significant for exposures as short as 30 min, and will increase with time. Absorption with water dilution increased for alachlor, but not for dinoseb. Soap reversed the partitioning of alachlor between human stratum corneum and water. The PCBs could be removed from skin by soap and water (70% efficiency) for up to 3 h and then decontamination potential decreased, due to continuing skin absorption. The model in vitro and in vivo systems used should permit easy estimation of this area of extensive human exposure effect on risk assessment.

Download Full-text

Topical stabilized retinol treatment induces the expression of HAS genes and HA production in human skin in vitro and in vivo

Archives of Dermatological Research ◽

10.1007/s00403-017-1723-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 309 (4) ◽

pp. 275-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Wen-Hwa Li ◽

Heng-Kuan Wong ◽

José Serrano ◽

Manpreet Randhawa ◽

Simarna Kaur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Skin

Download Full-text

Anticancer effects of cantharidin in A431 human skin cancer (Epidermoid carcinoma) cells in vitro and in vivo

Environmental Toxicology ◽

10.1002/tox.22273 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 723-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Chi-Chuan Li ◽

Fu-Shun Yu ◽

Ming-Jen Fan ◽

Ya-Yin Chen ◽

Jin-Cherng Lien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Human Skin ◽

Carcinoma Cells ◽

Epidermoid Carcinoma ◽

Anticancer Effects

Download Full-text

The release of prostaglandin D2 from human skin in vivo and in vitro during immediate allergic reactions

British Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11588.x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 773-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

R.M. Barr ◽

O. Koro ◽

D.M. Francis ◽

A. Kobza Black ◽

T. Numata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Prostaglandin D2 ◽

Allergic Reactions

Download Full-text

In vitro interactions between epithelial cells and Gyrodactylus derjavini

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00000299 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 203-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Buchmann ◽

C.V. Nielsen ◽

J. Bresciani

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Epithelioma Papulosum Cyprini ◽

Skin Responses ◽

Enzyme Reactivity ◽

In Vitro Interactions

AbstractSkin responses of fish to various parasites have been shown to involve various immunologically competent cells producing factors which guide the reactions of epithelial cells. However, the present study has demonstrated that a monoculture of epithelial cells has the ability to encapsulate and partially degrade ectoparasites without involvement of leukocytes. The ectoparasitic monogeneanGyrodactylus derjavini was kept on a monolayer of Epithelioma Papulosum Cyprini (EPC) cells in 24-well multidishes supplied with tissue culture medium. Gyrodactylus derjavini did not reproduce but survived an incubation period of up to139 h in the system. Due to sterile conditions, dead gyrodactylids were not subjected to microbial degradation and remained intact for several weeks. However, at 40 days G. derjavini was overgrown by EPC-cells and became partly degraded during the following 15 days. Analysis of enzyme reactivity in EPC-cells showed reactions for ten enzymes including esterases, amidases, phosphatases and phosphohydrolases. No marked differences for the ten enzymes between cell cultures with and without the ectoparasites were found but it cannot be excluded that some of these enzymes took part in parasite degradation. The study showed the in vitro capability of epithelial cells to interact, encapsulate and degrade G. derjavini without the involvement of leukocytes. This response probably is non-specific and will not exclude that various immunocompetent cells and their products normally optimize and accelerate elimination of invading parasites in vivo.

Download Full-text

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Gel for the Dermal Application of Lidocaine: Comparison of Skin Penetration Testing Methods

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics11070310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 310 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Stella Zsikó ◽

Kendra Cutcher ◽

Anita Kovács ◽

Mária Budai-Szűcs ◽

Attila Gácsi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Human Skin ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Study Drug ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Human Epidermis ◽

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽

Experimental Findings

The aim of this research was to investigate the stability of a lidocaine-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier dispersion at different temperatures, formulate a nanostructured lipid carrier gel, and test the penetration profile of lidocaine from the nanostructured lipid carrier gel using different skin penetration modeling methods. The formulations were characterized by laser diffraction, rheological measurements and microscopic examinations. Various in vitro methods were used to study drug release, diffusion and penetration. Two types of vertical Franz diffusion cells with three different membranes, including cellulose, Strat-M®, and heat separated human epidermis were used and compared to the Skin-parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) method. Results indicated that the nanostructured lipid carrier dispersion had to be gelified as soon as possible for proper stability. Both the Skin-PAMPA model and Strat-M® membranes correlated favorably with heat separated human epidermis in this research, with the Strat-M® membranes sharing the most similar drug permeability profile to an ex vivo human skin model. Our experimental findings suggest that even when the best available in vitro experiment is selected for modeling human skin penetration to study nanostructured lipid carrier gel systems, relevant in vitro/in vivo correlation should be made to calculate the drug release/permeation in vivo. Future investigations in this field are still needed to demonstrate the influence of membranes and equipment from other classes on other drug candidates.

Download Full-text