Differentiation in the salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster: Characterizaion of the glue proteins and their developmental appearance

Cell ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Beckendorf ◽  
Fotis C. Kafatos
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Glue Proteins

Studies on Nucleolar RNA Synthesis in Drosophila Melanogaster

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-697
Author(s):  
H. M. KRIDER ◽  
W. PLAUT
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Autoradiographic Analysis ◽  
Temporally Correlated ◽  
Nucleolar Rna ◽  
Nucleolus Organizers

The influence of conditions resulting in bobbed phenotypes on nucleolar RNA synthesis and the formation of constrictions at nucleolus organizers was examined in larval tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. By means of [3H]uridine incorporation and autoradiographic analysis, a mutation at the bobbed locus was shown to limit the rate of nucleolar RNA synthesis in salivary glands of XO larvae. The formation of constrictions at the organizer sites of a 4-nucleolus-organizer stock was monitored in dividing neuroblast cells stained with acridine orange. Loss of the ribosomal cistrons had been reported by other workers when such stocks were maintained for several generations. In the first generation in our work, constrictions were visible at only 2 of the 4 nucleolus organizers. This situation persisted until the fifth generation, when constrictions appeared at all 4 of the organizer sites. An increase in the rate of nucleolar RNA synthesis in the salivary glands was temporally correlated with the appearance of the extra constrictions. We interpret these observations to mean that 2 of the organizers of the 4-nucleolus-organizer stock were caused to function through the loss of ribosomal RNA cistrons; thus the functional status of an organizer would appear to be subject to control.

20-OH-ecdysone swells nuclear volume by alkalinization in salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster

1993 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan W�nsch ◽  
Stefan Schneider ◽  
Albrecht Schwab ◽  
Hans Oberleithner
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Nuclear Volume

scholarly journals Acetylation of chromosome squashes of Drosophila melanogaster decreases the background in autoradiographs from hybridization with [125I]-labeled RNA.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 677-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hayashi ◽  
I C Gillam ◽  
A D Delaney ◽  
G M Tener
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Labeled Rna

DNA in prepared chromosomes from the larval salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster was hybridized with [125I]-labeled 5S and tRNA from the same organism. Autoradiography revealed that radioactivity was frequently bound to all regions of the slides, masking labeling of the chromosomes. Acetylation of the preparations before hybridization prevented the formation of this background and revealed the specific chromosomal sites.

scholarly journals Chromosomal basis of dosage compensation in Drosophila: I. Cellular autonomy of hyperactivity of the male X-chromosome in salivary glands and sex differentiation

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Lakhotia ◽  
A. S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Developmental Physiology

Morphology and the rate of RNA synthesis of the X-chromosome in XX/XO mosaic larval salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster have been examined. For this purpose the unstable ring-X was utilized to produce XX and XO nuclei in the same pair of glands. The width of the X-chromosome and the left arm of the 3rd chromosome (3L) of larval salivary glands was measured and the rate of RNA synthesis by them was studied upon the use of [3H]uridine autoradiography in such XX (female) and XO (male) nuclei developing in a female background (i.e. otherwise genotypically XX). In such mosaic glands the width of the single X-chromosome of male nuclei is nearly as great as that of the paired two X's of female nuclei, as is also the case in normal male (X Y) and female (XX). The single X of male nuclei synthesizes RNA at a rate equal to that of the paired two X's of female nuclei and nearly twice that of an unpaired X of XX nuclei. Neither the developmental physiology of the sex nor the proportion of XO nuclei in a pair of mosaic salivary glands of an XX larva has any influence on these two characteristics of the male X-chromosome.It is suggested that dosage compensation in Drosophila is achieved chiefly, if not fully, by a hyperactivity of the male X, in contrast to the single X inactivation in female mammals, that this hyperactivity of the male X is expressed visibly in the morphology and metabolic activity of the X-chromosome in the larval salivary glands of the male, and that this hyperactivity and therefore dosage compensation in Drosophila in general is not dependent on sex-differentiation, but is a function of the doses of the X-chromosome itself.

scholarly journals Puffing activity in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. political chromosomes after exposure to microwave radiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 393-398
Author(s):  
M. N. Sheyka ◽  
V. Yu. Strashnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ocular Micrometer ◽  
Outbred Strain

Aim. The aim of the work was to study the effect of microwave radiation of varying intensity on the polytene chromosomes puffing activity in larvae salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster. Methods. The wild type outbred strain Oregon-R was used as the material. Microwave radiation with a frequency of 36.64 GHz and a power density of 0.1 and 1 W / m2 was used. Exposure to microwaves was applied in early embryogenesis after 3-hour oviposition. Exposure time was 30 sec. The puff sizes were studied on the squashed preparations of larvae salivary glands stained with acetoorcein. Dimensions of four puffs were investigated^ 2B5-6 (X chromosome); 62E, 71CE and 72CD (chromosome 3L). The measurements were carried out using an ocular-micrometer. Results. There were no significant changes in the size of the puffs in any of the four loci studied, regardless of the applied power density. Conclusions. Microwave radiation in early embryogenesis at a frequency of 36.64 GHz, a power density of 0.1 and 1 W/m2, and an exposure of 30 sec does not have a significant effect on the puff sizes in the Drosophila polytene chromosomes. Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster Meig., giant chromosomes, puff sizes, non-ionizing radiation.

scholarly journals Reproduction and endoreduplication in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. when influenced by lead nitrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Strashnyuk ◽  
O. V. Taglina
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Drosophila Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

Aim. The purpose of investigation was to study the reproductive ability and polyteny degree of chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. under the influence of various concentrations of lead nitrate. Methods. Canton-S wild-type strain was used as the material. Flies developed on standard sugar-yeast medium, to which in the experiment lead nitrate was added in concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/ml. The reproductive ability of the strain was evaluated by the number of adult offspring. The polyteny degree of chromosomes was studied on squashed preparations of larva salivary glands stained with acetoorsein by cytomorphometry. The preparations were obtained at late 3rd instar. Results. The number of adult offsprings decreased when lead nitrate was added to the nutrient medium: at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml – by 22.8 %, at 1 mg/ml – by 38.9 %. A concentration of 10 mg/ml was lethal. Males showed greater sensitivity to the drug compared to females. The degree of polyteny of chromosomes in the salivary glands of larvae decreased on average by 5.0–6.5 %. Conclusions. Lead nitrate causes a significant, dose-dependent decrease in the reproductive ability of fruit flies and has a toxic effect on Drosophila cells, inhibiting the process of endoreduplication. Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster Meig., heavy metals, fecundity, giant chromosomes, polyteny.

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