Speed and consistency of manual movements of stutterers, articulation- disordered children, and children with normal speech

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet G. Williams ◽  
Judith H. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Manual Movements ◽  
Normal Speech

Prevalence of Speech Problems and the Use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Registry-Based Study in Norway

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guro Andersen ◽  
Tone R. Mjøen ◽  
Torstein Vik
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Function ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Normal Speech

Abstract This study describes the prevalence of speech problems and the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway. Information on the communicative abilities of 564 children with CP born 1996–2003, recorded in the Norwegian CP Registry, was collected. A total of 270 children (48%) had normal speech, 90 (16%) had slightly indistinct speech, 52 (9%) had indistinct speech, 35 (6%) had very indistinct speech, 110 children (19%) had no speech, and 7 (1%) were unknown. Speech problems were most common in children with dyskinetic CP (92 %), in children with the most severe gross motor function impairments and among children being totally dependent on assistance in feeding or tube-fed children. A higher proportion of children born at term had speech problems when compared with children born before 32 weeks of gestational age 32 (p > 0.001). Among the 197 children with speech problems only, 106 (54%) used AAC in some form. Approximately 20% of children had no verbal speech, whereas ~15% had significant speech problems. Among children with either significant speech problems or no speech, only 54% used AAC in any form.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Lessons From the Neural Bases of Speech and Voice

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Christy L. Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Brain Networks ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Neural Bases ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Speech

The premise of this article is that increased understanding of the brain bases for normal speech and voice behavior will provide a sound foundation for developing therapeutic approaches to establish or re-establish these functions. The neural substrates involved in speech/voice behaviors, the types of muscle patterning for speech and voice, the brain networks involved and their regulation, and how they can be externally modulated for improving function will be addressed.

Fabricating a Partial Denture Obturator for the rehabilitation of Maxillectomy Patient - A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Md Ali Afzal Khan ◽  
Md Nazmul Hasan ◽  
Newaz Mohsina ◽  
Aleya Begum
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Partial Denture ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Palatal Obturator ◽  
Maxillary Defects ◽  
Normal Speech

Obturator prostheses are considered to be the preferred choice for the restoration of maxillary defects. Patients with palatal insufficiency, speech and deglutition becomes impaired, thereby requiring prosthodontic rehabilitation. The prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients with acquired defects of the maxilla after surgical resection is the complete responsibility of a maxillofacial prosthodontist. He has to recreate an artificial barrier between the cavities and thus restore the functional capabilities of speech, mastication and swallowing. Palatal obturator is the only substitute which covers the defect and contributes to normal speech production. It eliminates hypernasality and improves the communication.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13983 Update Dent. Coll. j. 2011: 1(2): 25-28

The Relationship Between Maxillary Growth and Speech in Children With a Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate at 5 Years of Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110106
Author(s):  
Matthew Fell ◽  
Jibby Medina ◽  
Kate Fitzsimons ◽  
Miriam Seifert ◽  
Anne Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
Maxillary Growth ◽  
Growth Scores ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Speech

Objective: This study sought to investigate the association between maxillary growth and speech outcomes for children with a repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) at 5 years of age. Participants: In all, 521 children (180 females and 341 males) with a nonsyndromic complete UCLP, born between 2007 and 2012 in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland were included in this study. Outcome Measures: Maxillary growth was analyzed using dental models scored by the 5-Year-Olds’ index, and perceptual speech analyses were scored by the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech – Augmented rating. Results: Forty-one percent of the children achieved good maxillary growth (scores 1 and 2 on 5-Year-Old’ index). Fifty percent of the children achieved normal speech (achieving UK speech standard 1). Maxillary growth was not found to have an impact on speech outcome when described by the 3 UK National Cleft Lip and Palate Speech Audit Outcome Standards. Analysis according to individual speech parameters showed dentalizations to be less prevalent in children with good maxillary growth compared to fair and poor growth ( P = .001). The remaining speech parameters within resonance, nasal airflow, and articulation categories were not significantly associated with maxillary growth. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that children with a history of complete UCLP, who have poor maxillary growth, are not at a higher risk of having major speech errors compared to children with good or fair maxillary growth at 5 years of age.

Perceptual Speech Outcomes After Early Primary Palatal Repair in Ugandan Patients With Cleft Palate

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562098024
Author(s):  
Kim Bettens ◽  
Laura Bruneel ◽  
Cassandra Alighieri ◽  
Daniel Sseremba ◽  
Duncan Musasizib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
Normal Speech

Objective: To provide speech outcomes of English-speaking Ugandan patients with a cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L). Design: Prospective case–control study. Setting: Referral hospital for patients with cleft lip and palate in Uganda. Participants: Twenty-four English-speaking Ugandan children with a CP±L (15 boys, 9 girls, mean 8.4 years) who received palatal closure prior to 6 months of age and an age- and gender-matched control group of Ugandan children without cleft palate. Interventions: Comparison of speech outcomes of the patient and control group. Main Outcome Measures: Perceptual speech outcomes including articulation, resonance, speech understandability and acceptability, and velopharyngeal composite score (VPC-sum). Information regarding speech therapy, fistula rate, and secondary surgery. Results: Normal speech understandability was observed in 42% of the patients, and 38% were judged with normal speech acceptability. Only 16% showed compensatory articulation. Acceptable resonance was found in 71%, and 75% of the patients were judged perceptually to present with competent velopharyngeal function based on the VPC-sum. Additional speech intervention was recommended in 25% of the patients. Statistically significant differences for all these variables were still observed with the control children ( P < .05). Conclusions: Overall, acceptable speech outcomes were found after early primary palatal closure. Comparable or even better results were found in comparison with international benchmarks, especially regarding the presence of compensatory articulation. Whether this approach is transferable to Western countries is the subject for further research.

scholarly journals SURG-40. SURGICAL RESECTIONS IN BROCA’S AREA DO NOT LEAD TO BROCA’S APHASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii212-ii212
Author(s):  
John Andrews ◽  
Nathan Cahn ◽  
Benjamin Speidel ◽  
Valerie Lu ◽  
Mitchel Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Broca's Aphasia ◽  
Broca’S Aphasia ◽  
Language Evaluations ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
Normal Speech

Abstract Brodmann’s areas 44/45 of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), are the seat of Broca’s area. The Western Aphasia Battery is a commonly used language battery that diagnoses aphasias based on fluency, comprehension, naming and repetition. Broca’s aphasia is defined as low fluency (0-4/10), retained comprehension (4-10/10), and variable deficits in repetition (0-7.9/10) and naming (0-8/10). The purpose of this study was to find anatomic areas associated with Broca’s aphasia. Patients who underwent resective brain surgery in the dominant hemisphere were evaluated with standardized language batteries pre-op, POD 2, and 1-month post-op. The resection cavities were outlined to construct 3D-volumes of interest. These were aligned using an affine transformation to MNI brain space. A voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) algorithm determined areas associated with Broca’s aphasia when incorporated into a resection. Post-op MRIs were reviewed blindly and percent involvement of pars orbitalis, triangularis and opercularis was recorded. 287 patients had pre-op and POD 2 language evaluations and 178 had 1 month post-op language evaluation. 82/287 patients had IFG involvement in resections. Only 5/82 IFG resections led to Broca’s aphasia. 11/16 patients with Broca’s aphasia at POD 2 had no involvement of IFG in resection. 35% of IFG resections were associated with non-specific dysnomia and 36% were normal. By one-month, 76% of patients had normal speech. 80% of patients with Broca’s aphasia at POD 2 improved to normal speech at 1-month, with 20% improved to non-specific dysnomia. The most highly correlated (P&lt; 0.005) anatomic areas with Broca’s aphasia were juxta-sylvian pre- and post-central gyrus extending to supramarginal gyrus. While Broca’s area resections were rarely associated with Broca’s aphasia, juxta-sylvian pre- and post-central gyri extending to the supramarginal gyrus were statistically associated with Broca’s type aphasia when resected. These results have implications for planning resective brain surgery in these presumed eloquent brain areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document