Heating load in Commercial buildings is highly related with ventilation systems, while at the same time local discomfort in the vicinity of glass walls occurs due to overheating. In this paper, a novel double envelope curtain wall is presented, which extracts heat from the façade by means of a ventilated cavity which is then incorporated to the ventilation air intake. A substantial reduction of heating loads is achieved. Whenever solar gains are not sought, a bypass element allows the natural ventilation of this air cavity, acting as a ventilated façade. An integrated control system with embedded electronics and actuators allows for a smart control of the system. The system is designed for integration with existing rooftop ventilation systems. Design considerations are discussed, and the outcomes of a full-scale experiment conducted in Bilbao (Spain) along 2019 presented.
Abstract
Carbon dioxide can affect on human mood and working conditions in closed area. Knowledge about the level of air pollutants concentration in the room, should be a guideline to design a properly working ventilation system. For years carbon dioxide, appearing during human breathing, was not taken into consideration as a factor determining the process of ventilation systems design. At present the assessment of air quality in closed rooms is performed on the basis of measurement of concentration of carbon dioxide metabolically produced by humans that can be referred to the so-called hygienic minimum, eg the upper limit of CO2 concentration equal to 1000 ppm (0.1%).
The paper gives a report on the Karolinska Hospital Information System in three parts.In part I, the information problems in health care delivery are discussed and the approach to systems design at the Karolinska Hospital is reported, contrasted, with the traditional approach.In part II, the data base and the data processing system, named T1—J 5, are described.In part III, the applications of the data base and the data processing system are illustrated by a broad description of the contents and rise of the patient data base at the Karolinska Hospital.
Curtain Wall with Solar Preheating of Ventilation Air. Full Scale Experimental Assessment