An Empirical Study on System Dynamics Model for Sustainable Development of Air Traffic Control Units

With the rapid growth of flight volume, the contradiction between insufficient support capability of air traffic control (ATC) units and large demand for development ultimately hinders their sustainable and safe development. The article aims at the leverage point of the contradiction between supply and demand so as to provide scientific safety policies. Based on the system archetype “growth and underinvestment”, from the perspective of the feedback relationships between support capability, safety, and development, the causality of the dynamic factors of control, communication, navigation, and surveillance, as well as meteorology and information subsystems was studied. Then, a system dynamics model for the sustainable and safe development of ATC units was established. Taking the Tianjin ATC sub-bureau as an example, policy suggestions for sustainable and safe development were put forward according to the scenario simulation results.

Need for Cognitive Closure, Information Acquisition and Adoption of Green Prevention and Control Technology

In this paper, we use the OLS regression method to analyse the influencing mechanism of the NFCC on farmers’ adoption of green prevention and control technology and further verify the mediating effect of information acquisition. The results show that the NFCC has a direct effect on the adoption of green prevention and control technology, and information acquisition has a mediating effect. The first stage of cognitive closure has a more significant effect on farmers’ adoption of green prevention and control technology, information acquisition ability has a significant positive impact on farmers’ adoption of green prevention and control technology, and information acquisition has an incomplete mediating effect on the impact of cognitive closure on the adoption of green prevention and control technologies. This paper further studies and verifies the action path of two dimensions of the NFCC on farmers’ adoption of green prevention and control technology. The results have certain theoretical significance for expanding the knowledge of farmers’ green prevention and control technology behaviour and further enriching the research on farmers’ cognition.

Mobile Gas Chromatographs Coupled with Mass and Ion Mobility Spectrometers and their Applications

Chemical analysis of different materials at the place where analytes are present (on-site analysis) has several advantages in comparison to analysis of these materials after delivering the samples to laboratory. Mobile devices, possessing expected properties in terms of using energy, mass and volume are needed for such analyses. The obtained results should be comparable to those obtained with the stationary instruments. Mass and ion mobility spectrometers are examples of the instruments fulfilling these requirements. At the beginning, the article describes the developments in combining of mass and ion mobility spectrometers (MS, IMS) with miniature gas chromatographs (GC). Both systems are used for analyses in the field, mainly for determination of environmental pollutions. They are used not only for analysis of typical chemicals present in different environmental compartments (in air, water and soil samples) but also for analysis of explosives, drugs and chemical warfare agents when fast results are needed. Particularly noteworthy is their applications in space exploration on the International Space Station. The selected examples of applications of miniaturised GC-MS and GC-IMS devices are presented in the second part of this mini review.

An Empirical Study on Discussion and Evaluation of Green University

Sustainable development has become an important criterion for human beings to pursue happiness in their daily lives. In order to ensure the sustainable development of the earth, the first step is to let this concept take root. Hence, the key to making a campus into a green university and promoting national consensus lies in the implementation quality. Moreover, the influence of the factors can be effectively examined and improved by providing correction plans on a rolling basis according to the green university certification criteria and from the perspective of business performance. The aim is to provide detailed coping strategies and facilitate schools moving towards the goal of a green university. By the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), this study explored the criteria for green university evaluation, investigated the causal relationship and mutual influence among criteria. It also offered suggestions on green performance management for the case university. The findings of this study can help schools to develop environmental policies, identify the priorities for implementing green university policies, and achieve the goal of a green university efficiently.

Quantifying Urban Vegetation Coverage Change with a Linear Spectral Mixing Model: A Case Study in Xi’an, China

With the rapid development of urban area of Xi’an in recent years, the contradiction between ecological environmental protection and urban development has become prominent. The traditional remote sensing classification method has been unable to meet the accuracy requirements of urban vegetation monitoring. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately conduct dynamic monitoring of urban vegetation based on the spectral component characteristics of vegetation is urgent. This study used the data of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI in 2011, 2014 and 2017 as main information source and LSMM, region of variation grid analysis and other methods to analyse the law of spatial-temporal change of vegetation components in Xi’an urban area and its influencing factors. The result shows that: (1) The average vegetation coverage of the study area from 2011 to 2017 reached more than 50 %, meeting the standard of National Garden City (great than 40 %). The overall vegetation coverage grade was high, but it had a decreasing trend during this period. (2) The vegetation in urban area of Xi’an experienced a significant change. From 2011 to 2017, only 30 % of the low-covered vegetation, 24.39 % of the medium-covered vegetation and 20.15 % of the high-covered vegetation remained unchanged, while the vegetation in the northwest, northeast, southwest and southeast of the edge of the city’s third ring changed significantly. (3) The vegetation quality in urban area of Xi’an has decreased from 2011 to 2014 with 6.9 % of vegetation coverage reduced; while from 2014 to 2017, the overall vegetation quality of this area has improved with 2.1 % of the vegetation coverage increased, which was mainly attributed to urban construction and Urban Green Projects. This study not only can obtain the dynamic change information of urban vegetation quickly, but also can provide suggestions and data support for urban planning of ecological environmental protection.

Benefit Evaluation of Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction in Construction Industry Based on Rough Set Theory

Achieving energy conservation and emission reduction in the industry is an inevitable way to promote harmony between society and nature and achieve sustainable human development. China’s infrastructure construction industry is developing rapidly. Still, there is a lack of a well-established industry standard for evaluating the potential and level of energy reduction in infrastructure construction. A severe lack of quantitative research on energy-saving and CO2 outflow decreases the benefits of green development advances. This study takes the energy conservation and outflow decrease of construction waste slurry treatment in Guangdong Province, China, as the background, establishes an evaluation system with three rule levels: social, economic, and environmental, and adopts rough set theory to determine the weights of each index to ensure the objectivity of each index. According to the recommendations of the carbon emission calculation guidelines, select the relevant data to evaluate the energy-saving and emission reduction benefits of the new green construction technology of grouted piles in a road project in Guangdong Province. The results show that the development level and potential of energy saving and emission reduction technology in the construction sector in Guangdong Province are increasing year by year. It’s potential changes with the increase or decrease of highway mileage, and it is an urgent need to increase investment in pollution control. The research results can evaluate the benefits of energy-saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction in the construction industry, also be used as a reference to assess energy-saving and emission reduction in the construction industry in other countries.

Foreign Direct Investment Spillover Effect on China’s Sustainable Development

The unbalanced growth of FDI in China has seriously affected the coordinated development of China’s regional economies. Therefore, to achieve comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, China’s main strategic task is determining how to adopt positive and effective FDI policies to reduce this regional imbalance in FDI. The purpose of this paper is to explore and study the spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on China’s sustainable development. In this paper, based on the new political economics theory and overflow effects, comparative research and statistical research methods are adopted that combine static and dynamic analysis. Empirical research methods are combined with normative research to analyse the spillover effects of FDI on China’s sustainable development, particularly under the new situation of global crisis and the accompanying difficulties, to determine how to promote China’s FDI and the development of China’s sustainable progress strategy. The study found that in 2018, FDI in China reached a value of 13.466 billion US $, and the year-on-year growth in FDI in recent years has been basically stable at approximately 4 %. Asia is the main source of FDI in China. In 2018, the amount of FDI in Asia reached $109.1938.7 billion, accounting for 83.33 % of the total investment. Hong Kong, with its unique advantages, accounted for 72.12 % of FDI in China. FDI inflows are mainly directed to primary industry and the service sector, and the growth rate of foreign investment in 2016 in these sectors was 68.52 and 170.77 %, respectively, compared with 2007. FDI also mainly flows to the eastern region of China. By the end of 2018, the amount of foreign capital utilized in the eastern region reached $1,622.9 billion, representing 85.4 % of the aggregate FDI in China. The effect of FDI on China mainly focuses on three areas: economic growth, social development and environmental protection. FDI has brought positive spillover effects to China’s sustainable evolution, but with China’s continuous development, especially the change in its economic development mode, it has been consistently exposed to negative spillover effects.

On Rough Set Theory on Achieving High Quality Cable Material Production by Green Low Carbon Technology

As the second largest machinery industry, the energy-intensive cable industry not only creates a lot of economic value but also consumes a lot of energy. It is an inevitable requirement to promote the technological development of the industry in the new era to improve the quality and efficiency and realise industrial energy-saving and consumption reduction. In order to obtain good strength and conductivity, the metal rods of cable are usually heat-treated for several hours or even several days after the rods are extruded, this is a major energy consuming process in traditional production. Based on the background, this study adopted the energy-saving equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) technology to replace the traditional heating treatment process, and converted the simple heat conduction with thermo-mechanical energy transfer, so as to realise the good strength and conductivity matching of the cable aluminum alloy material. In this study, energy-saving ECAP technology is used to replace the traditional heat treatment process, and heat-mechanical energy transfer is used to replace the simple heat conduction, so as to achieve good strength and conductivity matching of cable aluminum alloy material. The results show that the suitable ECAP process routes can improve the microstructure of aluminum alloy with higher strength and conductivity than the traditional heating process. The research results can be used for technology upgrading and low carbon production in cable industry due to the significantly time reduction of the energy-consuming heat treatment and the high-efficient obtainment of high-quality production.

Do We Still Need a Laboratory to Study Advanced Oxidation Processes? A Review of the Modelling of Radical Reactions used for Water Treatment

Environmental pollution due to humankind’s often irresponsible actions has become a serious concern in the last few decades. Numerous contaminants are anthropogenically produced and are being transformed in ecological systems, which creates pollutants with unknown chemical properties and toxicity. Such chemical pathways are usually examined in the laboratory, where hours are often needed to perform proper kinetic experiments and analytical procedures. Due to increased computing power, it becomes easier to use quantum chemistry computation approaches (QCC) for predicting reaction pathways, kinetics, and regioselectivity. This review paper presents QCC for describing the oxidative degradation of contaminants by advanced oxidation processes (AOP, i.e., techniques utilizing •OH for degradation of pollutants). Regioselectivity was discussed based on the Acid Blue 129 compound. Moreover, the forecasting of the mechanism of hydroxyl radical reaction with organic pollutants and the techniques of prediction of degradation kinetics was discussed. The reactions of •OH in various aqueous systems (explicit and implicit solvation) with water matrix constituents were reviewed. For example, possible singlet oxygen formation routes in the AOP systems were proposed. Furthermore, quantum chemical computation was shown to be an excellent tool for solving the controversies present in the field of environmental chemistry, such as the Fenton reaction debate [main species were determined to be: •OH < pH = 2.2 < oxoiron(IV)]. An ongoing discussion on such processes concerning similar reactions, e.g., associated with sulphate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOP), could, in the future, be enriched by similar means. It can be concluded that, with the rapid growth of computational power, QCC can replace most of the experimental investigations related to the pollutant’s remediation in the future; at the same time, experiments could be pushed aside for quality assessment only.