96/04404 Integrated carbon recycling system for mitigation of CO2 emissions utilizing degraded thermal energy

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 304
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Carbon Recycling

Integrated carbon recycling system for mitigation of CO2 emissions utilizing degraded thermal energy

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (6-8) ◽  
pp. 1333-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hasegawa ◽  
T. Yoshida ◽  
M. Tsuji ◽  
Y. Tamaura
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Carbon Recycling

Use of Low/Mid-Temperature Solar Heat for Thermochemical Upgrading of Energy, Part I: Application to a Novel Chemically-Recuperated Gas-Turbine Power Generation (SOLRGT) System

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Noam Lior
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Overall Efficiency

This paper is the first part of a study presenting the concept of indirect thermochemical upgrading of low/mid temperature solar heat, and demonstration of its integration into a high efficiency novel hybrid power generation system. The proposed system consists of an intercooled chemically recuperated gas turbine (SOLRGT) cycle, in which the solar thermal energy collected at about 220 °C is first transformed into the latent heat of vapor supplied to a reformer and then via the reforming reactions to the produced syngas chemical exergy. The produced syngas is burned to provide high temperature working fluid to a gas turbine. The solar-driven steam production helps to improve both the chemical and thermal recuperation in the system. Using well established technologies including steam reforming and low/mid temperature solar heat collection, the hybrid system exhibits promising performance: the net solar-to-electricity efficiency, based on the gross solar thermal energy incident on the collector, was predicted to be 25–30%, and up to 38% when the solar share is reduced. In comparison to a conventional CRGT system, 20% of fossil fuel saving is feasible with the solar thermal share of 22%, and the system overall efficiency reaches 51.2% to 53.6% when the solar thermal share is increased from 11 to 28.8%. The overall efficiency is about 5.6%-points higher than that of a comparable intercooled CRGT system without solar assist. Production of NOx is near zero, and the reduction of fossil fuel use results in a commensurate ∼20% reduction of CO2 emissions. Comparison of the fuel-based efficiencies of the SOLRGT and a conventional commercial Combined Cycle (CC) shows that the efficiency of SOLRGT becomes higher than that of CC when the solar thermal fraction Xsol is above ∼14%, and since the SOLRGT system thus uses up to 12% less fossil fuel than the CC (within the parameter range of this study), it commensurately reduces CO2 emissions and saves depletable fossil fuel. An economic analysis of SOLRGT shows that the generated electricity cost by the system is about 0.06 $/kWh, and the payback period about 10.7 years (including 2 years of construction). The second part of the study is a separate paper (Part II) describing an advancement of this system guided by the exergy analysis of SOLRGT.

scholarly journals Influence of Population Density on CO2 Emissions Eliminating the Influence of Climate

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán ◽  
Irene M. Zarco-Soto ◽  
Fco. Javier Zarco-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Thermal Origin ◽  
Extreme Groups ◽  
The City

More than 50% of the world’s population lives in cities. Its buildings consume more than a third of the energy and generate 40% of the emissions. This makes cities in general and their buildings in particular priority points of attention for policymakers and utilities. This paper uses population density as a variable to know its influence on energy consumption and emissions produced in buildings. Furthermore, to show its effect more clearly, the influence of the climate was eliminated. The usual energy consumption in buildings is thermal and electrical. The study was carried out at the city level, both per inhabitant and per household. The area actually occupied by the city was considered. The proposed method was applied to the case of Spanish cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants. The results show that the higher the population density, the higher the energy consumption per inhabitant and household in buildings. The consumption of thermal energy is elastic, while that of electrical energy is inelastic, varying more than 100% between extreme groups. Regarding CO2 emissions, the higher the population density, the higher the emissions. Emissions of electrical origin barely vary by 2% and are greater than those of thermal origin. In addition, the proportion of emissions of electrical origin, with respect to the total, decreases with increasing population density from 74% to 55%. This research aims to help policymakers and utilities to take the appropriate measures that favor the use of renewable energies and reduce CO2 emissions.

Development of a carbon recycling system by digestion gas use

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016.26 (0) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Izuru SENAHA ◽  
Kzunari NAGAMATSU ◽  
Kunio OOSHIRO ◽  
Shin KOGACHI
Keyword(s):  
Recycling System ◽  
Carbon Recycling

scholarly journals INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES: HEAT RECOVERY FROM EXHAUST GASES BY THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Francesco Sgroi
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases

The concern related to global warming is generating a legislative pressure on reducing CO2 emissions that is forcing automotive industry to find alternative and more efficient solutions to internal combustion engines. In Europe, the current regulation for passenger vehicles limits the CO2 emissions calculated as fleet average to 130 g/km and fix a target value of 95 g/km to be achieved by 2021. Car manufacturers will have to pay heavy penalties for each registered vehicle exceeding the CO2 limits (€95 per exceeding gram by 2019). Concurrently, the regulations on toxic emissions (CO, NOx, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter) is also becoming more and more stringent and requires complex and costly abatement systems to respect the strict limitations imposed on NOx and particulate matter emissions. On the other hand, zero emission electric vehicles, based on batteries, are still not mature enough for a replacement of the internal combustion engine in extra-urban applications, since they are not able to guarantee the driving range required by customers. Hydrogen fuelled vehicles, could meet the same performance of conventional cars, but the cost of materials used in the fuel cell stack is preventing the penetration into the market. Therefore, even though characterized by low energy efficiency, the internal combustion engine will remain, in the short-medium term, the reference technology for the transport industry but the environmental regulations will impose its hybridization with electric systems. Hybrid architectures allow circulating in electric mode in urban areas, limiting the local pollution, and increase the efficiency of the car through energy recovery during breaking phases. An energetic analysis of conventional internal combustion engine reveals that about 70% percent of the chemical energy stored in the fuel is converted in to mechanical energy for traction: the remaining part is dissipated as heat in the exhaust gases (30%) and in the cooling circuit (40%). So a great amount of thermal energy (tens of kW) is available on a car and its effective recovery can dramatically increase the efficiency of the system. Hybrid systems facilitate this task, since the produced electric energy can be stored in the battery pack. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) offer the possibility to directly convert thermal energy into electricity with a reduced complexity and potential low cost. Even though available semiconducting junctions are characterized by low efficiency and limited operating temperatures, coupling a TEG to the internal combustion engine would allow recovering about 1 kW of electric power on a medium size car, with a reduction of CO2 emissions of about 10 g/km.

scholarly journals CO2 Abatement in the Steel Industry through Carbon Recycle and Electrification by Means of Advanced Polymer Membranes

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Marija Sarić ◽  
Jan Wilco Dijkstra ◽  
Yvonne C. van Delft
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Plasma Torch ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Carbon Recycling ◽  
Conceptual Process Design ◽  
Top Gas Recycling

The potential of advanced polymer or hybrid polymer membranes to reduce CO2 emissions in steel production was evaluated. For this, a conceptual process design and assessment was performed for a process that is a combination of carbon recycling and electrification of the steel making process. The results indicate a CO2 avoidance of 9%. CO2 emissions were reduced by factor 1.78 when using renewable electricity according to the proposed scheme compared to feeding this renewable electricity to the electrical grid. The CO2 abatement potential of the studied concept is highly dependent on the CO2 conversion in the plasma torch. If CO2 conversion in the plasma torch could be increased from 84.4% to 95.0%, the overall CO2 avoidance could be further increased to 16.5%, which is comparable to the values reported for the top gas recycling blast furnace. In this case, the CO2 emissions reduction achieved when using renewable electricity in the proposed scheme compared to using the same electricity in the electrical grid increases a factor from 1.78 to 3.27.

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