Molecular aspects of neuropeptide regulation and function in the corpus striatum and nucleus accumbens

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus A. Angulo ◽  
Bruce S. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Corpus Striatum ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Expanding Role of Ubiquitin in Translational Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon E. Dougherty ◽  
Austin O. Maduka ◽  
Toshifumi Inada ◽  
Gustavo M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Translational Control ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Ubiquitin Chain ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
And Function

The eukaryotic proteome has to be precisely regulated at multiple levels of gene expression, from transcription, translation, and degradation of RNA and protein to adjust to several cellular conditions. Particularly at the translational level, regulation is controlled by a variety of RNA binding proteins, translation and associated factors, numerous enzymes, and by post-translational modifications (PTM). Ubiquitination, a prominent PTM discovered as the signal for protein degradation, has newly emerged as a modulator of protein synthesis by controlling several processes in translation. Advances in proteomics and cryo-electron microscopy have identified ubiquitin modifications of several ribosomal proteins and provided numerous insights on how this modification affects ribosome structure and function. The variety of pathways and functions of translation controlled by ubiquitin are determined by the various enzymes involved in ubiquitin conjugation and removal, by the ubiquitin chain type used, by the target sites of ubiquitination, and by the physiologic signals triggering its accumulation. Current research is now elucidating multiple ubiquitin-mediated mechanisms of translational control, including ribosome biogenesis, ribosome degradation, ribosome-associated protein quality control (RQC), and redox control of translation by ubiquitin (RTU). This review discusses the central role of ubiquitin in modulating the dynamism of the cellular proteome and explores the molecular aspects responsible for the expanding puzzle of ubiquitin signals and functions in translation.

scholarly journals Effects of Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Extinction on Astrocyte Structure and Function in the Nucleus Accumbens Core

Neuroscience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 528-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Siemsen ◽  
C.M. Reichel ◽  
K.C. Leong ◽  
C. Garcia-Keller ◽  
C.D. Gipson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens Core ◽  
And Function ◽  
Accumbens Core

scholarly journals microRNA-15b contributes to depression-like behavior in mice by affecting synaptic protein levels and function in the nucleus accumbens

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (20) ◽  
pp. 6831-6848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Guo ◽  
Zhaoming Zhu ◽  
Guangyan Wang ◽  
Shan Cui ◽  
Meng Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Neuronal Progenitor ◽  
Synaptic Functions ◽  
And Function

Major depression is a prevalent affective disorder characterized by recurrent low mood. It presumably results from stress-induced deteriorations of molecular networks and synaptic functions in brain reward circuits of genetically-susceptible individuals through epigenetic processes. Epigenetic regulator microRNA-15b inhibits neuronal progenitor proliferation and is up-regulated in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice that demonstrate depression-like behavior, indicating the contribution of microRNA-15 to major depression. Using a mouse model of major depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), here we examined the effects of microRNA-15b on synapses and synaptic proteins in the nucleus accumbens of these mice. The application of a microRNA-15b antagomir into the nucleus accumbens significantly reduced the incidence of CUMS-induced depression and reversed the attenuations of excitatory synapse and syntaxin-binding protein 3 (STXBP3A)/vesicle-associated protein 1 (VAMP1) expression. In contrast, the injection of a microRNA-15b analog into the nucleus accumbens induced depression-like behavior as well as attenuated excitatory synapses and STXBP3A/VAMP1 expression similar to the down-regulation of these processes induced by the CUMS. We conclude that microRNA-15b-5p may play a critical role in chronic stress-induced depression by decreasing synaptic proteins, innervations, and activities in the nucleus accumbens. We propose that the treatment of anti-microRNA-15b-5p may convert stress-induced depression into resilience.

scholarly journals FOXL2: a central transcription factor of the ovary

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. R17-R33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Georges ◽  
Aurelie Auguste ◽  
Laurianne Bessière ◽  
Anne Vanet ◽  
Anne-Laure Todeschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Forkhead Transcription Factor ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
And Function ◽  
Craniofacial Defects ◽  
The Impact

Forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) is a gene encoding a forkhead transcription factor preferentially expressed in the ovary, the eyelids and the pituitary gland. Its germline mutations are responsible for the blepharophimosis ptosis epicanthus inversus syndrome, which includes eyelid and mild craniofacial defects associated with primary ovarian insufficiency. Recent studies have shown the involvement of FOXL2 in virtually all stages of ovarian development and function, as well as in granulosa cell (GC)-related pathologies. A central role of FOXL2 is the lifetime maintenance of GC identity through the repression of testis-specific genes. Recently, a highly recurrent somatic FOXL2 mutation leading to the p.C134W subtitution has been linked to the development of GC tumours in the adult, which account for up to 5% of ovarian malignancies. In this review, we summarise data on FOXL2 modulators, targets, partners and post-translational modifications. Despite the progresses made thus far, a better understanding of the impact of FOXL2 mutations and of the molecular aspects of its function is required to rationalise its implication in various pathophysiological processes.

scholarly journals Skin Basement Membrane: The Foundation of Epidermal Integrity—BM Functions and Diverse Roles of Bridging Molecules Nidogen and Perlecan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Breitkreutz ◽  
Isabell Koxholt ◽  
Kathrin Thiemann ◽  
Roswitha Nischt
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Molecular Assembly ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
And Function ◽  
Molecular Adaptors ◽  
Nidogen 1

The epidermis functions in skin as first defense line or barrier against environmental impacts, resting on extracellular matrix (ECM) of the dermis underneath. Both compartments are connected by the basement membrane (BM), composed of a set of distinct glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Herein we are reviewing molecular aspects of BM structure, composition, and function regarding not only (i) the dermoepidermal interface but also (ii) the resident microvasculature, primarily focusing on theper senonscaffold forming components perlecan and nidogen-1 and nidogen-2. Depletion or functional deficiencies of any BM component are lethal at some stage of development or around birth, though BM defects vary between organs and tissues. Lethality problems were overcome by developmental stage- and skin-specific gene targeting or by cell grafting and organotypic (3D) cocultures of normal or defective cells, which allows recapitulating BM formationde novo. Thus, evidence is accumulating that BM assembly and turnover rely on mechanical properties and composition of the adjacent ECM and the dynamics of molecular assembly, including further “minor” local components, nidogens largely functioning as catalysts or molecular adaptors and perlecan as bridging stabilizer. Collectively, orchestration of BM assembly, remodeling, and the role of individual players herein are determined by the developmental, tissue-specific, or functional context.

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