Effects of GABAergic drugs, fornicotomy, hippocampectomy and septal lesions on the extinction of a discrete-trial fixed ratio 5 lever-press response

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Lever Press ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Discrete Trial ◽  
Septal Lesions

Operant Conditioning of Virginia Opossum

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Cone ◽  
Donna M. Cone
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Water Reinforcement ◽  
Deprivation Schedule ◽  
Limited Hold ◽  
Virginia Opossum

Laboratory-raised Virginia opossum have been found to readily acquire a lever-press response for water reinforcement. Fixed ratio behavior is comparable to that observed in other species. Fixed interval behavior, however, tends to move fairly rapidly toward an economical response style in which very few responses are emitted per reinforcement. Neither introduction of limited hold procedures nor lengthening of the deprivation schedule had any effect upon the FI responding.

scholarly journals Reducing effect of a Phaseolus vulgaris dry extract on operant self-administration of a chocolate-flavoured beverage in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Maccioni ◽  
Giancarlo Colombo ◽  
Antonella Riva ◽  
Paolo Morazzoni ◽  
Ezio Bombardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Derivatives Of

Extracts from or derivatives of Phaseolus vulgaris beans reduce body weight and food intake, including highly palatable foods and fluids, in multiple rodent models of overeating and obesity. The present study was designed to assess whether a standardised P. vulgaris dry extract was effective in reducing also the operant self-administration of a chocolate-flavoured beverage. To this end, rats were initially trained to lever-press for a chocolate-flavoured beverage under a fixed ratio 10 schedule of reinforcement in daily 60 min sessions. Once lever-responding reached stable levels, the effect of a P. vulgaris dry extract on the number of lever-responses for the chocolate-flavoured beverage was determined. Pretreatment with 50, 200 and 500 mg (intragastric) P. vulgaris dry extract per kg produced an approximate 15, 35 and 40 % reduction, respectively, in lever-responding for the chocolate-flavoured beverage. These results indicate the capacity of a P. vulgaris preparation to reduce the reinforcing properties of a highly palatable fluid in rats.

Discrete-Trial Lever-Press Avoidance in the SHR and WKYN Strains

1981 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Sutterer ◽  
William J. Devito ◽  
Irene Rykaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Lever Press ◽  
Discrete Trial

Fixed-ratio responding following septal lesions in the rat.

1970 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hothersall ◽  
David A. Johnson ◽  
Arne Collen
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Septal Lesions ◽  
Fixed Ratio Responding

scholarly journals The development of tolerance to morphine under discrete-trial fixed-ratio, automaintenance, and negative automaintenance procedures

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Picker ◽  
Deborah Grossett ◽  
Robert Sewell ◽  
Brian Zimmermann ◽  
Alan Poling
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Discrete Trial ◽  
Negative Automaintenance ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

scholarly journals The dopamine dip amplitude is a quantitative measure of disappointment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shikano ◽  
Sho Yagishita ◽  
Kenji F Tanaka ◽  
Norio Takata
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Gpcr Activation ◽  
Set Up

Great expectations can lead to greater disappointment when the desired results are not achieved. Although it is well-documented that a better-than-expected reward is encoded quantitatively via midbrain dopaminergic (DA) activity, it has been less addressed experimentally whether disappointment, a worse-than-expected outcome is also expressed quantitatively by the DA signal. We show that the degree of disappointment is quantified by the magnitude of a transient decrease in the extracellular DA concentration (DA dip) in the ventral striatum of mice. We set up a lever press task on a fixed ratio (FR) schedule requiring five lever presses as an effort for a food reward (FR5). Mice occasionally checked the food magazine without a reward before completing the task. The percentage of this premature magazine entry (PME) increased as the number of lever presses approached five. This behavioral readout shows rising expectations with increasing proximity to task completion, leading to greater disappointment in the mice. Fiber photometry of the extracellular DA dynamics in the ventral striatum using a fluorescent protein (genetically encoded GPCR-activation-based-DA sensor: GRAB-DA2m) revealed that the amplitude of the DA dip following a PME was correlated with the percentage of the PME, demonstrating a monotonic relationship between the DA dip amplitude and the degree of disappointment. Computational modeling of the lever press task implementing temporal difference errors and state transitions replicated the positive correlation between the PME frequency and DA dip amplitude during improvement of the FR5 task. We propose that the degree of disappointment during making an effort for a goal is represented monotonically by the magnitude of the DA dip in the ventral striatum, which may guide behavioral adjustment.

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