Immobilization of enzymes by covalent binding to an oxirane bearing macroreticular acrylic resin: Factors affecting the binding process and the activity of the bound enzyme

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
M.P. Bigwood
Keyword(s):  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Binding Process ◽  
Immobilization Of Enzymes

Protein Immobilization in Metal–Organic Frameworks by Covalent Binding

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Trevor A. Makal ◽  
Hong-Cai Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Protein Immobilization ◽  
Immobilization Of Enzymes ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Biological Catalysis

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), possessing a well defined system of pores, demonstrate extensive potential serving as a platform in biological catalysis. Successful immobilization of enzymes in a MOF system retains the enzymatic activity, renders the active site more accessible to the substrate, and promises recyclability for reuse, and solvent adaptability in a broad range of working conditions. This highlight describes enzyme immobilization on MOFs via covalent binding and its significance.

scholarly journals Candida and Oral Candidosis—A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Sachidananda Mallya ◽  
Shrikara Mallya
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Candida Infection ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oral Candidosis

AbstractOral candidiasis (also called candidosis) is an opportunistic infection affecting the oral mucosa. These lesions are very common and caused by yeast Candida albicans. C. albicans are normal component of oral microflora and around 30 to 50% carry these organisms. The rate of carriage increases with advancing age of the patient. C. albicans are recovered from patient’s mouth over the age of 60 years. Other species such as C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei are infrequently but consistently isolated. Oral candidosis can be classified into primary and secondary candidiasis. The factors involved in the pathogenicity of C. albicans have been reviewed. The pathogenesis of different biotypes and strains of C. albicans varies. A relationship has been suggested between the adherence of C. albicans to surfaces and its ability to colonize and cause disease. An important aspect of the pathogenicity of C. albicans may be its nonspecific affinity and binding to acrylic resin and other plastics. The factors affecting adhesion of yeasts, related to yeast cells, related to host cells and environmental factors, and the main factors which increase the susceptibility of oral candidiasis have been reviewed. The different types of oral lesions, their identification by different methods, management, and treatment of oral candidiasis also have been highlighted.Oral candidosis as a common opportunistic infection has gained importance after the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Candidiasis was always an endogenous infection. There are few cases of exogenous infection in intravenous drug abusers and contact lens users. Esophageal candidiasis is the earliest and most cases of lesions seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient. The diagnosis and reporting of oral candidiasis should be done with utmost care. The finding of yeast cells in large numbers and presence of pseudohyphae indicate invasion and causative agent of infection. The diagnosis of Candida infection can be confirmed by various techniques and recently discovered advanced methods.The confirmation of Candida infection depends on clinical diagnosis, proper collection of specimen, and careful evaluation in methodology and reporting.

Processing factors affecting the clarity of a rapid-curing clear acrylic resin

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. KENG ◽  
D.W. CRUICKSHANKS-BOYD ◽  
E.H. DAVIES
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Processing Factors

scholarly journals Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas Bahan Baku Acrylic Resin Pada Produk Spray Paint di PT X

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Nurlita Utami ◽  
Sena Atmaja ◽  
Yogi Priyo Istiyono
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Poor Adhesion

Thermo Plastic Acrylic resin has an important role in the manufacture of spray paint, namely as a binder or binder. The resin in paint has a function as a film formation, has adhesion to the substrate as well as pigment binders and additives, so that to produce a spray paint with good quality mechanical properties, PT X must be selective in controlling the quality of the raw material for Thermo Plasic Acrylic Resin. The purpose of this study was to determine the problems faced by PT X related to the quality of Thermo Plastic Acrylic Resin raw materials, to identify the most dominant factors affecting the quality of these raw materials and to formulate the most appropriate solutions to be applied in improving the quality of these raw materials. This research uses observation, interview, and literature study methods. Sources of data came from stakeholders and quality control staff of PT X. This study used check sheets, histogram diagrams, u-control maps, and fishbone diagrams to complete the analysis process. From the test results of the Thermoplastic Acrylic Resin raw material, it is known that the factor that causes rejection is due to adhesion, namely 53.57%, gloss 33.33%, and dry touch 13.10%, all three of the total raw materials that are rejected when the raw material is applied in form paint and spray on the film plate. The most dominant cause of reject was poor adhesion, namely 53.57% of the total reject raw materials.

scholarly journals Magnetic Metal Organic Framework Immobilized Laccase for Wastewater Decolorization

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah Amari ◽  
Fatimah Mohammed Alzahrani ◽  
Norah Salem Alsaiari ◽  
Khadijah Mohammedsaleh Katubi ◽  
Faouzi Ben Rebah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Immobilized Laccase ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

The laccase enzyme was successfully immobilized over a magnetic amino-functionalized metal–organic framework Fe3O4-NH2@MIL-101(Cr). Different techniques were used for the characterization of the synthesized materials. The Fe3O4-NH2@MIL-101(Cr) laccase showed excellent resistance to high temperatures and low pH levels with a high immobilization capacity and large activity recovery, due to the combination of covalent binding and adsorption advantages. The long-term storage of immobilized laccase for 28 days indicated a retention of 88% of its initial activity, due to the high stability of the immobilized system. Furthermore, a residual activity of 49% was observed at 85 °C. The immobilized laccase was effectively used for the biodegradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB) and Alizarin Red S (AR) dyes in water. The factors affecting the RB and AR degradation using the immobilized laccase (dye concentration, temperature and pH) were investigated to determine the optimum treatment conditions. The optimum conditions for dye removal were a 5 mg/L dye concentration, temperature of 25 °C, and a pH of 4. At the optimum conditions, the biodegradation and sorption-synergistic mechanism of the Fe3O4-NH2@MIL-101(Cr) laccase system caused the total removal of AR and 81% of the RB. Interestingly, the reusability study of this immobilized enzyme up to five cycles indicated the ability to reuse it several times for water treatment.

scholarly journals Magnetic Nanomaterials as Biocatalyst Carriers for Biomass Processing: Immobilization Strategies, Reusability, and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Mayra A. Mariño ◽  
Stephanie Fulaz ◽  
Ljubica Tasic
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Brushes ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Nanomaterials ◽  
Magnetic Carriers ◽  
Biomass Processing ◽  
Immobilization Of Enzymes ◽  
Coated Surfaces

Environmental concerns, along with oil shortages, have increased industrial interest in biomass conversion to produce biofuels and other valuable chemicals. A green option in biomass processing is the use of enzymes, such as cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninolytic (laccase and peroxidases), which have outstanding specificity toward their substrates and can be reused if immobilized onto magnetic nanocarriers. Numerous studies report the biocatalysts’ performance after covalent binding or adsorption on differently functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Functionalization strategies of MNPs include silica-based surfaces obtained through a sol–gel process, graphene oxide-based nanocomposites, polymer-coated surfaces, grafting polymer brushes, and others, which have been emphasized in this review of the immobilization and co-immobilization of enzymes used for biomass conversion. Careful analysis of the parameters affecting the performance of enzyme immobilization for new hybrid matrices has enabled us to achieve wider tolerance to thermal or chemical stress by these biosystems during saccharification. Additionally, it has enabled the application of immobilized laccase to remove toxic organic compounds from lignin, among other recent advances addressed here related to the use of reusable magnetic carriers for bioderived chemical manufacturing.

scholarly journals Immobilization of Enzymes by Polymeric Materials

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Xingyi Lyu ◽  
Rebekah Gonzalez ◽  
Andalwisye Horton ◽  
Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Enzyme ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Operational Stability ◽  
Free Enzyme ◽  
External Stimulus ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Immobilization Of Enzymes

Enzymes are the highly efficient biocatalyst in modern biotechnological industries. Due to the fragile property exposed to the external stimulus, the application of enzymes is highly limited. The immobilized enzyme by polymer has become a research hotspot to empower enzymes with more extraordinary properties and broader usage. Compared with free enzyme, polymer immobilized enzymes improve thermal and operational stability in harsh environments, such as extreme pH, temperature and concentration. Furthermore, good reusability is also highly expected. The first part of this study reviews the three primary immobilization methods: physical adsorption, covalent binding and entrapment, with their advantages and drawbacks. The second part of this paper includes some polymer applications and their derivatives in the immobilization of enzymes.

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