1657 Contrasting neuronal activity in the cortical supplementary and frontal eye fields in relation to visually guided saccade versus eye-hand reach

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. S189
Author(s):  
Naotaka Fujii ◽  
Hajime Mushiake ◽  
Jun Tanji
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Visually Guided

Visually guided saccade versus eye-hand reach: contrasting neuronal activity in the cortical supplementary and frontal eye fields

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2187-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mushiake ◽  
N. Fujii ◽  
J. Tanji
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movement ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Supplementary Eye Field ◽  
Eye Field

1. We studied neuronal activity in the supplementary eye field (SEF) and frontal eye field (FEF) of a monkey during performance of a conditional motor task that required capturing of a target either with a saccadic eye movement (the saccade-only condition) or with an eye-hand reach (the saccade-and-reach condition), according to visual instructions. 2. Among 106 SEF neurons that showed presaccadic activity, more than one-half of them (54%) were active preferentially under the saccade-only condition (n = 12) or under the saccade-and-reach condition (n = 45), while the remaining 49 neurons were equally active in both conditions. 3. By contrast, most (97%) of the 109 neurons in the FEF exhibited approximately equal activity in relation to saccades under the two conditions. 4. The present results suggest the possibility that SEF neurons, at least in part, are involved in signaling whether the motor task is oculomotor or combined eye-arm movements, whereas FEF neurons are mostly related to oculomotor control.

Neuronal activity related to visually guided saccades in the frontal eye fields of rhesus monkeys: comparison with supplementary eye fields

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Schall
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Visual Cells ◽  
Preparatory Set ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
Supplementary Eye Fields

1. The purpose of this study was to analyze the response properties of neurons in the frontal eye fields (FEF) of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and to compare and contrast the various functional classes with those recorded in the supplementary eye fields (SEF) of the same animals performing the same go/no-go visual tracking task. Three hundred ten cells recorded in FEF provided the data for this investigation. 2. Visual cells in FEF responded to the stimuli that guided the eye movements. The visual cells in FEF responded with a slightly shorter latency and were more consistent and phasic in their activation than their counterparts in SEF. The receptive fields tended to emphasize the contralateral hemifield to the same extent as those observed in SEF visual cells. 3. Preparatory set cells began to discharge after the presentation of the target and ceased firing before the saccade, after the go/no-go cue was given. These neurons comprised a smaller proportion in FEF than in SEF. In contrast to their counterparts in SEF, the preparatory set cells in FEF did not respond preferentially in relation to contralateral movements, even though most responded preferentially for movements in one particular direction. The time course of the discharge of the FEF set cells was similar to that of their SEF counterparts, except that they reached their peak level of activation sooner. The few preparatory set cells in FEF tested with both auditory and visual stimuli tended to respond preferentially to the visual targets, whereas, in contrast, most set cells in SEF were bimodal. 4. Sensory-movement cells represented the largest population of cells recorded in FEF, responding in relation to both the presentation of the targets and the execution of the saccade. Although some of these sensory-movement cells resembled their counterparts in SEF by exhibiting a sustained elevation of activity, most of the FEF sensory-movement cells gave two discrete bursts, one after the presentation of the target and another before and during the saccade. Like their counterparts in SEF, the sensory-movement cells tended to be tuned for saccades into the contralateral hemifield, but this tendency was more pronounced in FEF than in SEF. The FEF sensory-movement cells discharged more briskly, with a shorter latency relative to the presentation of the target, than their counterparts in SEF. In addition, the FEF sensory-movement neurons reached their peak activation sooner than SEF sensory-movement neurons. Most FEF sensory-movement cells exhibited different patterns of activation in response to visual and auditory targets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Neuronal Activity Related to the Visual Representation of Arm Movements in the Lateral Cerebellar Cortex

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1223-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Liu ◽  
Edwin Robertson ◽  
R. Christopher Miall
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Increased Activity

Testing the hypothesis that the lateral cerebellum forms a sensory representation of arm movements, we investigated cortical neuronal activity in two monkeys performing visually guided step-tracking movements with a manipulandum. A virtual target and cursor image were viewed co-planar with the manipulandum. In the normal task, manipulandum and cursor moved in the same direction; in the mirror task, the cursor was left-right reversed. In one monkey, 70- and 200-ms time delays were introduced on cursor movement. Significant task-related activity was recorded in 31 cells in one animal and 142 cells in the second: 10.2% increased activity before arm movements onset, 77.1% during arm movement, and 12.7% after the new position was reached. To test for neural representation of the visual outcome of movement, firing rate modulation was compared in normal and mirror step-tracking. Most task-related neurons (68%) showed no significant directional modulation. Of 70 directionally sensitive cells, almost one-half ( n = 34, 48%) modulated firing with a consistent cursor movement direction, many fewer responding to the manipulandum direction ( n = 9, 13%). For those “cursor-related” cells tested with delayed cursor movement, increased activity onset was time-locked to arm movement and not cursor movement, but activation duration was extended by an amount similar to the applied delay. Hence, activity returned to baseline about when the delayed cursor reached the target. We conclude that many cells in the lateral cerebellar cortex signaled the direction of cursor movement during active step-tracking. Such a predictive representation of the arm movement could be used in the guidance of visuo-motor actions.

Neuronal activity in the claustrum of the monkey during performance of multiple movements

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 2115-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shima ◽  
E. Hoshi ◽  
J. Tanji
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

1. We studied neuronal activity in the claustrum of monkeys during performance of three different arm movements. We verified recording sites of claustral neurons by histological confirmation of microlesions. For the sake of comparison, we also recorded from the arm area of the precentral motor cortex (MI). Selection of the movements was either visually guided or determined by memorized information. 2. A striking property of claustral neurons is their nonselective relation to the three movements (push, pull, and turn a manipulandum). A vast majority (70%) of movement-related neurons exhibited increase of discharge in relation to all three movements, whereas only 16% were active in relation to one of the three movements. By contrast, about one-half of neurons in the MI were active in relation to a single movement. In both areas, the movement-related activity was similar regardless of whether the movements were selected by visual signals or by memory. 3. The study is the first to reveal involvement of claustral neurons in motor execution, and their activity property suggests that the way they are involved is different from that of MI neurons.

scholarly journals Cholinergic modulation of working memory activity in primate prefrontal cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 2180-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Xue-Lian Qi ◽  
Kristy Douglas ◽  
Kathini Palaninathan ◽  
Hyun Sug Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Higher Cognitive Functions ◽  
The Impact

The prefrontal cortex, a cortical area essential for working memory and higher cognitive functions, is modulated by a number of neurotransmitter systems, including acetylcholine; however, the impact of cholinergic transmission on prefrontal activity is not well understood. We relied on systemic administration of a muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine, to investigate the role of acetylcholine on primate prefrontal neuronal activity during execution of working memory tasks and recorded neuronal activity with chronic electrode arrays and single electrodes. Our results indicated a dose-dependent decrease in behavioral performance after scopolamine administration in all the working memory tasks we tested. The effect could not be accounted for by deficits in visual processing, eye movement responses, or attention, because the animals performed a visually guided saccade task virtually error free, and errors to distracting stimuli were not increased. Performance degradation under scopolamine was accompanied by decreased firing rate of the same cortical sites during the delay period of the task and decreased selectivity for the spatial location of the stimuli. These results demonstrate that muscarinic blockade impairs performance in working memory tasks and prefrontal activity mediating working memory.

Contrasting Neuronal Activity in the Supplementary and Frontal Eye Fields During Temporal Organization of Multiple Saccades

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 3054-3065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Isoda ◽  
Jun Tanji
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Saccade Direction ◽  
Current Sequence ◽  
Sizeable Number ◽  
A Current

The organization of a series of actions into an appropriate temporal order is of particular importance in the voluntary control of motor behavior. Previous reports have emphasized the importance of medial motor areas for the temporal organization of movements. The aim of this study was to compare the neuronal activity in the supplementary and frontal eye fields (SEF and FEF) during sequential performance of multiple saccades to clarify the role of the two cortical oculomotor areas in the temporal organization of saccades based on memorized information. We analyzed neuronal activity while monkeys performed three saccades to peripheral targets in orders that were instructed and memorized. We found that activity that reflected saccade sequence or the numerical position of a saccade within a sequence (rank) was more prevalent in the SEF, whereas activity reflecting saccade direction was more dominant in the FEF. Furthermore, a sizeable number of SEF neurons exhibited an increase in activity when the animals were required to discard a current sequence and compose a novel sequence. We propose that the SEF is primarily involved in the process of planning, decoding, and updating saccade sequences, whereas the FEF plays a major role in determining the direction of forthcoming saccades.

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